FrameNet: A Knowledge Base for Natural Language Processing

Note: the extracted text is partial (the abstract is garbled), so this card rests on the introduction, the sections on frames and applications, and the limitations and future directions.

What it is about

The paper, written after the death of Charles Fillmore, traces FrameNet from case grammar through frame semantics to a lexicon of English. A frame is a script-like structure with frame elements (roles), and each lexical unit, a lemma with a part of speech and a sense, evokes one frame, so a lemma with several senses appears in several frames. Frames are linked by frame-to-frame relations, such as Commerce split into Commerce buy and Commerce sell. At the time of writing the lexicon had almost 1,200 frames, about 13,000 lexical units and about 200,000 annotated sentences, with expansion by crowdsourcing under way. Applications include semantic role labeling, question answering, information extraction and textual entailment. The paper also states limits: no representation of negation or conditionals, which are handled through modal lexical units such as "can", "might" and "likely", and no annotation of proper nouns.

Ideas

• I1. Attach a frame name to each sense in world/src/dictionary.rs, so a school word can be asked for its frame. Measure how much of the school vocabulary gets a frame.
• I2. A table of frame-to-frame relations for the school's commerce and motion stories. The buy and sell relation supports the inference "X bought Y from Z" to "Z sold Y to X", and the test is whether world/src/events.rs gets it right.
• I3. Modal lexical units with conditional force, as the paper lists them, in 13. Verbs, so that "might" and "could" are read as hedges, not as facts.
• I4. Negation as a construct with a polarity pole. The paper notes that "never" is a frequency unit and not a negation; Mova's polarity list should keep the two apart, and a test set of "never" sentences can check it.

For Mova

The chapters are 19. The lexicon: vocabulary, multiword expressions and register and 13. Verbs. The code is world/src/dictionary.rs and world/src/events.rs. The measure is the share of school vocabulary with a frame, and the number of role-to-role inferences that are correct on a held-out set of stories.

Topics: Semantic role labeling

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.3115/v1/w14-3001

@inproceedings{baker2014framenet,
  title = {{FrameNet: A Knowledge Base for Natural Language Processing}},
  author = {Baker, Collin F.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Frame Semantics in NLP: A Workshop in Honor of Chuck Fillmore (1929-2014)},
  year = {2014},
  doi = {10.3115/v1/w14-3001},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3001}
}

References

34 references, 2 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Anderson Bertoldi and Rove Luiza Oliveira Chishman. 2012. Developing a frame-based lexicon for the Brazilian legal language: The case of the criminal process frame. In Monica Palmirani, Ugo Pagallo, Pompeu Casanovas, and Giovanni Sartor, editors, AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems, volume 7639 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 256–270. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. find
2. Hans C. Boas, editor. 2009. Multilingual FrameNets in Computational Lexicography: Methods and Applications. Mouton de Gruyter. find
3. Aljoscha Burchardt. 2008. Modeling Textual Entailment with Role-Semantic Information. Ph.D. thesis, Universität des Saarlandes. find
4. Eugene Charniak. 1977. Framed PAINTING: The representation of a common sense knowledge fragment. Cognitive Science, 1(4):235–264. find
5. Noam Chomsky. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. find
6. Barbara Dancygier and Eve Sweetser. 2005. Mental spaces in grammar: conditional constructions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; New York. find
7. Dipanjan Das, Desai Chen, André F. T. Martins, Nathan Schneider, and Noah A. Smith. 2013. Frame-Semantic parsing. Computational Linguistics, 40(1). find
8. Katrin Erk and Sebastian Padó. 2006. Shalmaneser – a flexible toolbox for semantic role assignment. In Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2006), Genoa, Italy. find
9. Charles J. Fillmore and B.T.S. Atkins. 1994. Starting where the dictionaries stop: The challenge for computational lexicography. In Antonio Zampolli and Sue Atkins, editors, Computational Approaches to the Lexicon. Oxford University Press. find
10. Charles J. Fillmore and Collin F. Baker. 2010. A frames approach to semantic analysis. In Bernd Heine and Heiko Narrog, editors, Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis, pages 313–341. OUP. find
11. Charles J. Fillmore. 1968. The case for case. In E. Bach and R. Harms, editors, Universals in Linguistic Theory. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York. find
12. Charles J. Fillmore. 1969. Toward a modern theory of case. In David A Reibel and Sanford A. Shane, editors, Modern Studies in English: Readings in Transformational Grammar, pages 361–375. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. find
13. Charles J. Fillmore. 1976. Frame semantics and the nature of language. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Conference on the Origin and Development of Language and Speech, 280(1):20– 32. find
14. Charles J. Fillmore. 1977a. Frame semantics. pages 111–137. find
15. Charles J. Fillmore. 1977b. The need for a frame semantics in linguistics. In Hans Karlgren, editor, Statistical Methods in Linguistics. Scriptor. find
16. Charles J. Fillmore. 1977c. Scenes-and-frames semantics. In Antonio Zampolli, editor, Linguistic Structures Processing, number 59 in Fundamental Studies in Computer Science. North Holland Publishing. find
17. Charles J. Fillmore. 1985. Frames and the semantics of understanding. Quaderni di Semantica, 6(2):222– 254. find
18. Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky. 2000. Automatic labeling of semantic roles. In ACL 2000: Proceedings of ACL 2000, Hong Kong. find our card
19. Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky. 2002. Automatic labeling of semantic roles. Computational Linguistics, 28(3):245–288. find our card
20. Rebecca Green. 2004. Inducing Semantic Frames from Lexical Resources. Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland, College Park. find
21. Richard Johansson and Pierre Nugues. 2007. LTH: Semantic structure extraction using nonprojective dependency trees. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations (SemEval-2007), pages 227–230, Prague, Czech Republic, June. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
22. Paul Kay and Charles J. Fillmore. 1999. Grammatical constructions and linguistic generalizations: The what’s x doing y? construction. Language, 75:1–33. find
23. Beth Levin. 1993. English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. find
24. Marvin Minsky. 1974. A framework for representing knowledge. Memo 306, MIT-AI Laboratory, June. find
25. Behrang Mohit and Srini Narayanan. 2003. Semantic extraction with wide-coverage lexical resources. In Marti Hearst and Mari Ostendorf, editors, HLT-NAACL 2003: Short Papers, pages 64–66, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, May 27 - June 1. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
26. Josef Ruppenhofer, Michael Ellsworth, Miriam R. L. Petruck, Christopher R. Johnson, and Jan Scheffczyk. 2006. FrameNet II: Extended Theory and Practice. International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, California. Distributed with the FrameNet data. find
27. Josef Ruppenhofer, Michael Ellsworth, Miriam R. L. Petruck, Christopher R. Johnson, and Jan Scheffczyk. 2010a. FrameNet II: Extended Theory and Practice. FrameNet Project, September. find
28. Josef Ruppenhofer, Caroline Sporleder, Roser Morante, Collin Baker, and Martha Palmer. 2010b. Semeval-2010 task 10: Linking events and their participants in discourse. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Evaluations: Recent Achievements and Future Directions (SEW-2009), pages 106–111, Boulder, Colorado, June. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
29. Roger C. Schank and Robert P. Abelson. 1977. Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding: an Inquiry into Human Knowledge Structures. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. find
30. Thomas Schmidt. 2008. The Kicktionary: Combining corpus linguistics and lexical semantics for a multilingual football dictionary. In Eva Lavric, Gerhard Pisek, Andrew Skinner, and Wolfgang Stadler, editors, The Linguistics of Football, number 38 in Language in Performance, pages 11–23. Gunter Narr, Tübingen. find
31. Steve Sinha. 2008. Answering Questions about Complex Events. Ph.D. thesis, EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, Dec. find
32. Eve Sweetser. 2006. Negative spaces: Levels of negation and kinds of spaces. In Stéphanie Bonnefille and Sébastien Salbayre, editors, Proceedings of the conference “Negation: Form, figure of speech, conceptualization”, Tours. Groupe de recherches anglo-américaines de l’Université de Tours, Publications universitaires Fran cois Rabelais. find
33. Giulia Venturi, Alessandro Lenci, Simonetta Monte-magn, Eva Maria Vecchi, Maria Teresa Sagri, and Daniela Tiscornia. 2009. Towards a FrameNet resource for the legal domain. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Legal Ontologies and Artificial Intelligence Techniques, Barcelona, Spain, June. find
34. George Kingsley Zipf. 1949[1965]. Human behavior and the principle of least effort: an introduction to human ecology. Hafner Pub. Co., New York. find

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/baker-2014-framenet-knowledge-base-natural-language/