Mova0.5 pre-release⌕
☰
home / docs / papers / Ancient Hebrew / Artificial intelligence based writer identification generates new evidence for the unknown scribes of the Dead Sea Scrolls exemplified by the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaᵃ)

Artificial intelligence based writer identification generates new evidence for the unknown scribes of the Dead Sea Scrolls exemplified by the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaᵃ)

What it is about

Is the Great Isaiah Scroll (54 columns) the work of one scribe or two? The handwriting looks nearly uniform, and palaeographers disagreed. The authors binarise the column images, extract several independent families of handwriting features (letter-shape fragments, directional and curvature statistics), and, without assuming any writer split, project each column into a low-dimensional space: the first and second halves fall into two separate zones. A second analysis looks for a change point along the column series and finds a sharp transition around column 27, where there is also a physical break in the scroll and a change in spelling and morphology. Character heat maps then show which letter forms differ. Conclusion: two main scribes who wrote in closely matched styles.

Ideas

For Mova

Handwriting itself is outside Mova. I1 and I2 are a measurement for 12. Biblical, Mishnaic and Modern Hebrew compared (the dating debate, "with counts book by book"), run over the converted Torah (macula trees, FEATS in 13-mova-tools.md §5); spelling features also bear on 01-script.md (matres lectionis).

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0249769 · arXiv 2010.14476

@inproceedings{popovic2020artificial,
  title = {{Artificial intelligence based writer identification generates new evidence for the unknown scribes of the Dead Sea Scrolls exemplified by the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaᵃ)}},
  author = {Popovic, Mladen and Dhali, Maruf A. and Schomaker, Lambert},
  booktitle = {PLoS ONE 2021},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0249769},
  eprint = {2010.14476},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249769}
}

References

64 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

  1. Popović M. The manuscript collections: An overview. In Brooke GJ, Hempel C, editors T&T Clark Companion to the Dead Sea ScrollsLondon: T&T Clark. 2019; p. 37–50. find
  2. Zahn MM. Beyond ‘Qumran Scribal Practice’:The case of the Temple Scroll. Revue de Qumran. 2017;29/110:185–203. find
  3. Cotton HM, Yardeni A. Discoveries in the Judean Desert. Volume 27. Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek documentary texts from Nahal Hever and other sites: with an appendix containing alleged Qumran texts (The Seiyal Collection I); 1997. find
  4. Wise MO. Language and Literacy in Roman Judaea: A Study of the Bar Kokhba Documents. Yale University Press; 2015. find
  5. Tov E. Scribal practices and approaches reflected in the texts found in the Judean Desert. Brill; 2004. find
  6. Tigchelaar E. In search of the scribe of 1QS. In: Paul SM, Kraft RA, Schiffman LH, Fields WW, editors. Emanuel: Studies in Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls in honor of Emanuel Tov. Brill; 2003. p. 339–352. find
  7. Yardeni A. A note on a Qumran scribe. New Seals and Inscriptions, Hebrew, Idumean, and Cuneiform, ed Meir Lubetski. 2007; p. 281–292. find
  8. Ulrich E. Identification of a Scribe Active at Qumran: 1QPs b -4QIsa c -11QM. Meghillot: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls. 2007;6:201–210. find
  9. Allegro JM. The Dead Sea Scrolls. 1957;. find
  10. Wise MO. Accidents and Accidence: A Scribal View of Linguistic Dating of the Aramaic Scrolls from Qumran. In: Wise MO. Thunder in Gemini and other essays on the history, language and literature of Second Temple Palestine. Sheffield: JSOT Press; 1994. p. 103–151. find
  11. Alexander PS. Literacy among Jews in Second Temple Palestine: Reflections on the Evidence from Qumran. Hamlet on a Hill: Semitic and Greek Studies Presented to Professor T Muraoka on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday. 2003; p. 3–24. find
  12. Golb N. Khirbet Qumran and the Manuscripts of the Judaean Wilderness: Observations on the Logic of their Investigation. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 1990;49(2):103–114. find
  13. Golb N. Who wrote the Dead Sea scrolls?: The search for the secret of Qumran. Scribner; 1995. find
  14. Crawford SW. Scribes and scrolls at Qumran. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company; 2019. find
  15. Sirat C. Writing as handwork: a history of handwriting in Mediterranean and Western culture. 2007;. find
  16. Papaodysseus C, Rousopoulos P, Giannopoulos F, Zannos S, Arabadjis D, Panagopoulos M, et al. Identifying the writer of ancient inscriptions and Byzantine codices. A novel approach. Computer Vision and Image Understanding. 2014;121:57–73. find
  17. Davis T. The practice of handwriting identification. Library. 2007;8(3):251–276. find
  18. Harralson HH, Miller LS. Huber and Headrick’s Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals. Crc Press; 2017. find
  19. Derolez A. The palaeography of Gothic manuscript books: From the twelfth to the early sixteenth century. vol. 9. Cambridge University Press; 2003. find
  20. Stokes PA. Digital approaches to paleography and book history: some challenges, present and future. Frontiers in Digital Humanities. 2015;2:5. find
  21. Kahle P. Theologische Literaturzeitung. 1950;75:539. find
  22. Kahle P. Die hebräischen Handschriften aus der Höhle. 1951;. find
  23. Noth M. Eine Bemerkung zur Jesajarolle vom Toten Meer. Vetus Testamentum. 1951;1(1):224–226. find
  24. Kuhl C. Schreibereigentümlichkeiten: Bemerkungen zur Jesajarolle (DSIa). Vetus Testamentum. 1952;2(1):307–333. find
  25. Brooke GJ. The Bisection of Isaiah in The Scrolls from Qumran. In Alexander PS, Brooke GJ, Christmann A, Healey JF, Sadgrove PC, editors Studia Semitica: The Journal of Semitic Studies jubilee volume. 2005; p. 73–94. find
  26. Trever JC. A Paleographic Study of the Jerusalem Scrolls. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 1949;113(1):6–23. find
  27. Ulrich E, Flint PW. Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XXXII: Qumran Cave 1: II. The Isaiah Scrolls: Part 2: Introductions, Commentary, and Textual Variants. OUP Oxford; 2011. find
  28. Justnes Å. The Hand of the Corrector in 1QIsa a XXXIII 7 (Isa 40, 7-8): Some Observations. Semitica. 2015;57:205–210. find
  29. Brownlee WH. The manuscripts of Isaiah from which DSIa was copied. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 1952;127(1):16–21. find
  30. Martin M. The scribal character of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The scribal character of the Dead Sea scrolls. 1958;. find
  31. Kutscher EY. The Language and Linguistic Background of the Isaiah Scroll: 1QIsa a . vol. 6. Brill; 1974. find
  32. Giese RL. Further Evidence for the Bisection of 1QIsa a . Textus. 1988;14(1):61–70. find
  33. Cook J. Orthographical peculiarities in the Dead Sea biblical scrolls. Revue de Qumran. 1989;14(2 (54):293–305. find
  34. Cook J. The Dichotomy of 1QIsa a . Intertestamental essays in honour of Jósef Tadeusz Milik. 1992; p. 7–24. find
  35. Pulikottil PU, Pulikottil P. Transmission of biblical texts in Qumran: the case of the large Isaiah scroll 1QIsa a . Sheffield Academic Press; 2001. find
  36. Williamson H. Scribe and Scroll: Revisiting the Great Isaiah Scroll from Qumran. In Clines DJA, Richards KH, Wright JL, editors Making a Difference: Essays on the Bible and Judaism in Honor of Tamara Cohn Eskenazi. 2012; p. 329–342. find
  37. Longacre D. Developmental Stage, Scribal Lapse, or Physical Defect? 1QIsa a ’s Damaged Exemplar for Isaiah Chapters 34–66. Dead Sea Discoveries. 2013;20(1):17– 50. find
  38. Dhali MA, He S, Popović M, Tigchelaar E, Schomaker L. A digital palaeographic approach towards writer identification in the dead sea scrolls. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods-Volume 1: ICPRAM. vol. 2017. Scitepress; Setúbal; 2017. p. 693–702. find
  39. He S, Schomaker L. Beyond OCR: Multi-faceted understanding of handwritten document characteristics. Pattern Recognition. 2017;63:321–333. find
  40. Bulacu M, Schomaker L. Text-independent writer identification and verification using textural and allographic features. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence. 2007;29(4):701–717. find
  41. Niels R, Vuurpijl L, Schomaker L. Automatic allograph matching in forensic writer identification. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence. 2007;21(01):61–81. find
  42. Dhali MA, Jansen CN, de Wit JW, Schomaker L. Feature-extraction methods for historical manuscript dating based on writing style development. Pattern Recognition Letters. 2020;131:413–420. find
  43. Ciula A. Digital palaeography: using the digital representation of medieval script to support palaeographic analysis. Digital Medievalist. 2005;1. find
  44. Faigenbaum-Golovin S, Shaus A, Sober B, Levin D, Na’aman N, Sass B, et al. Algorithmic handwriting analysis of Judah’s military correspondence sheds light on composition of biblical texts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016;113(17):4664–4669. find
  45. Faigenbaum-Golovin S, Shaus A, Sober B, Turkel E, Piasetzky E, Finkelstein I. Algorithmic handwriting analysis of the Samaria inscriptions illuminates bureaucratic apparatus in biblical Israel. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(1):e0227452. find
  46. Shaus A, Gerber Y, Faigenbaum-Golovin S, Sober B, Piasetzky E, Finkelstein I. Forensic document examination and algorithmic handwriting analysis of Judahite biblical period inscriptions reveal significant literacy level. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(9):e0237962. find
  47. der Kooij G V. Classifying early NW-Semitic scripts: A search for writing traditions by studying script as artefact. 12 Mainz International Colloquium on Ancient Hebrew (to be published); 29 Oktober–1 November 2015. find
  48. Dhali MA, de Wit JW, Schomaker L. BiNet: Degraded-Manuscript Binarization in Diverse Document Textures and Layouts using Deep Encoder-Decoder Networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:191107930. 2019;. find
  49. Lim TH, Alexander PS. Volume 1. In: The Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Library. Brill; 1995. find
  50. Schomaker L, Bulacu M. Automatic writer identification using connected-component contours and edge-based features of uppercase western script. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 2004;26(6):787–798. find
  51. Schomaker L, Franke K, Bulacu M. Using codebooks of fragmented connected-component contours in forensic and historic writer identification. Pattern Recognition Letters. 2007;28(6):719–727. find
  52. Schomaker LRB BA Bulacu M. GIWIS v3.1 Groningen Intelligent Writer Identification System Documentation V3.1. 10.5281/zenodo.4051006.; 2011. ↗
  53. Bod R, Hay J, Jannedy S. Probabilistic linguistics. Mit Press; 2003. find
  54. Kroch AS. Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change. Language variation and change. 1989;1(3):199–244. find
  55. Schomaker L, Bulacu M, Franke K. Automatic writer identification using fragmented connected-component contours. In: Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. IEEE; 2004. p. 185–190. find
  56. Bulacu M, Schomaker LRB, Vuurpijl L. Writer Identification Using Edge-Based Directional Features. In: ICDAR ’03: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society; 2003. p. 937–941. find
  57. Franke K, Schomaker L, Veenhuis C, Taubenheim C, Guyon I, Vuurpijl L, et al. WANDA: A generic Framework applied in Forensic Handwriting Analysis and Writer Identification. HIS. 2003;105:927–938. find
  58. Schomaker L. Writer identification and verification. In: Advances in Biometrics. Springer; 2008. p. 247–264. find
  59. Macdonald M. “Review of Wise 2015”. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2017;30:832– 842. find
  60. Healey JF. “Literacy in Literate Societies’: The Scribe in Nabataean and other Aramaic Contexts”. Languages, Scripts, and Their Uses in Ancient North Arabia, ed Michael C A Mcdonald. 2018; p. 31–38. find
  61. Otsu N. A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. 1979;9(1):62–66. find
  62. Sauvola J, Pietikäinen M. Adaptive document image binarization. Pattern recognition. 2000;33(2):225–236. find
  63. Team TGD. Gnu image manipulation program - GIMP - version 2.8.6; 2016. find
  64. Dillon M. Introduction to modern information retrieval: G. Salton and M. McGill.; 1983. find

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2020-popovic-artificial-intelligence-based-writer-identification/