lest

Who acts: something, you, Benjamin, Jacob · What happens: avoid, happen, eat, have, build, dwell · To what, where: risk, case, thou, goodly houses, Jacob · Speech: someone speaks here

«lest» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lest in the Early Modern English dictionary.

Meaning 1

In case; to avoid the risk that something will happen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 case	case
2	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 avoid	obl
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 avoid	punct
4	to	to	PART	_	5 avoid	mark
5	avoid	avoid	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 risk	det
7	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 avoid	obj
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 happen	mark
9	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 happen	nsubj
10	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 happen	aux
11	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 risk	acl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 avoid	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	to-infinitive		the risk		case			vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent risk=Location
2	happen	future	something	the risk not said here					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

lest when thou hast eaten and art satisfied, and hast built goodly houses, and dwelt therein;

From Torah DEU.8.12, JPS 1917.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	lest	lest	SCONJ	_	5 eaten	mark
2	when	when	SCONJ	_	5 eaten	mark
3	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	5 eaten	nsubj
4	hast	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 eaten	aux:pass
5	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 satisfied	cc
7	art	art	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 satisfied	obl:unmarked
8	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 eaten	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 hast	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 hast	cc
11	hast	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 eaten	conj
12	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 hast	advcl
13	goodly	goodly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 houses	amod
14	houses	house	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 built	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 dwelt	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 dwelt	cc
17	dwelt	dwell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 eaten	conj
18	therein	therein	ADV	_	17 dwelt	advmod
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 eaten	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	eat	present · passive	thou		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	have	present			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	build	participle	goodly houses		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset house=Product
4	dwell	past		therein property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

Hasten, lest you should be too late!'

From The Orange Fairy Book.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hasten	hasten	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 late	punct
3	lest	lest	SCONJ	_	8 late	mark
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 late	nsubj
5	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 late	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 late	cop
7	too	too	ADV	_	8 late	advmod
8	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Hasten	parataxis
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Hasten	punct
10	'	'	PUNCT	_	1 Hasten	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hasten	imperative	you not said here						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	is	should	you					late property	tree rules

Example 3

But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; for he said: 'Lest peradventure harm befall him.'

From Torah GEN.42.4, JPS 1917.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	9 sent	cc
2	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 sent	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 brother	punct
4	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 brother	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 Joseph	case
6	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Benjamin	appos
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 Jacob	punct
8	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Benjamin	conj
9	sent	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 sent	advmod
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 brethren	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 brethren	nmod:poss
13	brethren	brethren	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sent	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 said	punct
15	for	for	SCONJ	_	17 said	mark
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 said	nsubj
17	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 sent	conj
18	:	:	PUNCT	_	23 befall	punct
19	'	'	PUNCT	_	23 befall	punct
20	Lest	lest	SCONJ	_	22 harm	case
21	peradventure	peradventure	ADV	_	22 harm	advmod
22	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 befall	obl
23	befall	befall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 said	ccomp
24	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 befall	obj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	23 befall	punct
26	'	'	PUNCT	_	23 befall	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not send	past	Benjamin and Jacob		with Jacob's brethren	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: assert	past	Jacob			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	befall	infinitive		Jacob	lest harm	tree rules

Text: the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/L/lest/