📖 R — The English dictionary · page 50

rosin — Everyday, meaning 1: Rosin is a hard, sticky, amber-coloured substance made from pine tree sap.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Violin, viola, cello and double bass players rub rosin on the bow so the hairs grip the strings and make a sound.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Athletes such as gymnasts, dancers, baseball pitchers and climbers use powdered rosin to stop their hands or shoes slipping.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: To rosin something is to rub rosin on it.↗ Example: Before the concert, Mia rubbed rosin on her violin bow.↗ · Without rosin, the bow just slides and the cello stays quiet.↗ · Rosin is made from the sap of pine trees.↗ · The ballet dancers dipped their shoes in rosin so they would not slip.↗ · The baseball pitcher squeezed the rosin bag before throwing.↗ · Rosin dust collected on the strings, so he wiped them with a cloth.↗ · Remember to rosin your bow, but not too much!↗

rosy — Everyday, meaning 1: Pink or pinkish-red, like a rose, especially of cheeks or skin.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Hopeful and likely to be good: «a rosy future».↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (in phrases) «Ring a Ring o' Roses» and «everything's rosy» mean things are fine.↗ Example: She came in from the snow with rosy cheeks.↗ · The sky turned rosy at dawn.↗ · The future looks rosy for our team.↗ · Things are not all rosy at the factory.↗ · The baby has rosy little toes.↗ · He painted a rosy picture of the holiday, but it rained all week.↗ · The Fox immediately had rosy visions of a very delicious breakfast.↗

rot — Everyday, meaning 1: To go soft, bad and break down slowly because of bacteria and fungi, like old fruit, wood or dead leaves; to decay.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To make something decay (Sugar rots your teeth).↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Rot (noun): the decay itself, or a part that has gone bad.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (informal, old British) Nonsense (Don't talk rot!).↗ Example: The apples left on the ground began to rot.↗ · Fungi and bacteria help dead leaves rot.↗ · Sweets can rot your teeth if you don't brush.↗ · The old wooden fence was rotting at the bottom.↗ · Food rots faster in a warm room than in the fridge.↗ · Worms help rot down the vegetable peelings in the compost.↗ · «What rot!» said Grandpa, laughing.↗ · And they laid it up till the morning, as Moses bade; and it did not rot, neither was there any worm therein.↗ (Torah EXO.16.24, JPS 1917)↗ · The memory of the righteous shall be for a blessing; but the name of the wicked shall rot.↗ (Writings PRO.10.7, JPS 1917)↗ · A holm-oak is set apart, he chooseth a tree that will not rot; he seeketh unto him a cunning craftsman to set up an image, that shall not be moved.↗ (Prophets ISA.40.20, JPS 1917)↗

rota — Everyday, meaning 1: (UK, Australia, NZ) A rota is a list showing who has to do a job and when, so that people take turns.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A regular turn-by-turn system of doing a job.↗ Example: Our class has a rota for feeding the fish.↗ · I'm on the washing-up rota tonight.↗ · Mum made a rota so we take turns with the dog.↗ · The nurses' rota shows who works at night.↗ · The teacher drew up a rota for playground jobs.↗ · Check the rota to see whose turn it is.↗ · If four children share a rota of eight days, each child has two turns.↗

rotate — Everyday, meaning 1: To turn around a centre or a point; to spin.↗ e.g. The Earth rotates once a day.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (maths) To turn a shape around a fixed point by a certain angle.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: To take turns or change places in a regular order.↗ e.g. Players rotate positions.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (farming) To grow different crops in a field in different seasons.↗ Example: Rotate the triangle 90° clockwise.↗ · The Earth rotates once every 24 hours.↗ · A wheel rotates around its axle.↗ · Players rotate every 10 minutes.↗ · If a wheel rotates 3 times a second, how many turns in a minute?↗ · Rotate the square a quarter turn.↗ · Farmers rotate crops to keep the soil healthy.↗ · If the sphere be rotated forward, good is implied, if in a retrograde manner evil is intended.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)↗

rotation — Everyday, meaning 1: Rotation is turning around a centre point or a line.↗ e.g. "the rotation of the Earth".↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A rotation is one complete turn.↗ e.g. "the wheel makes 10 rotations a minute".↗ Everyday, meaning 3: In maths, a rotation is a turn of a shape around a fixed point by an angle, such as a quarter turn (90 degrees).↗ Everyday, meaning 4: Rotation is taking turns in a fixed order.↗ e.g. "we do the jobs in rotation".↗ Everyday, meaning 5: Crop rotation is growing different crops in a field each year to keep the soil healthy.↗ Example: The rotation of the Earth gives us day and night.↗ · One full rotation of the Earth takes about 24 hours.↗ · Rotate the triangle 90 degrees clockwise about point A.↗ · A full rotation is 360 degrees; a half rotation is 180 degrees.↗ · The wheel made 50 rotations in a minute.↗ · We take the class jobs in rotation.↗ · Farmers use crop rotation to keep the soil rich.↗ · Rotation; from חָלֹל to dance round.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)↗ · Just as the sphere remains the same during the rotation on its axis in its setting and in its rising; yet it appears to us as if it had undergone a great change on account of its different position.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)↗

rotational — Everyday, meaning 1: Rotational means to do with turning round a centre point.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (maths) Rotational symmetry means a shape looks the same after being turned less than a full turn.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Rotational means taking turns in a fixed order.↗ Example: A square has rotational symmetry of order 4.↗ · An equilateral triangle has rotational symmetry of order 3.↗ · The letter S has rotational symmetry of order 2.↗ · Rotational speed is how fast a wheel turns.↗ · The class uses a rotational rota for jobs.↗ · Does this star have rotational symmetry?↗

rote — In Jewish tradition, meaning 1: Learning or doing something by repeating it again and again without thinking about what it means.↗

rotifer — Everyday, meaning 1: (science) A tiny water animal, usually too small to see without a microscope, with a ring of little hairs at its head that wave and look like spinning wheels.↗ Example: We saw rotifers in pond water under the microscope.↗ · A rotifer's hairs look like spinning wheels.↗ · Rotifers are animals, even though they are tiny.↗ · Some rotifers can survive drying out for years.↗ · Fish eat rotifers.↗ · Our teacher showed us a video of rotifers feeding.↗

rotor — Everyday, meaning 1: A rotor is a part of a machine that turns round and round, such as the blades on top of a helicopter.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A rotor is the spinning part inside an electric motor or generator.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: In a wind turbine, the rotor is the hub with its blades that the wind turns.↗ Example: The helicopter's rotor began to spin.↗ · The tail rotor stops the helicopter turning round.↗ · The wind turned the rotor of the turbine.↗ · Inside the motor, the rotor spins very fast.↗ · We dropped paper rotors from the stairs and timed them.↗ · Stay away from the rotor blades when the helicopter lands.↗

rotted — Everyday, meaning 1: Rotted is the past form of «rot»: something rotted when it went bad and broke down slowly because of germs, fungi, damp or age.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: As an adjective it means decayed, but people usually say «rotten».↗ Example: The apples rotted on the ground.↗ · The old wooden fence rotted in the rain.↗ · The leaves rotted and turned into compost.↗ · His teeth rotted because he ate too many sweets and didn't brush.↗ · The bridge was unsafe because the planks had rotted.↗ · We watched a pumpkin as it rotted over three weeks.↗ · He sat down there quite naked, for all his clothes had rotted and dropped off inside the fish.↗ · Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto Moses; but some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and rotted; and Moses was wroth with them.↗ (Torah EXO.16.20, JPS 1917)↗

rotten — Everyday, meaning 1: Gone bad, soft and smelly because of decay (a rotten egg, rotten wood).↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (informal) Very bad, unpleasant or unfair (rotten weather, a rotten trick).↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Feeling ill or unhappy (I feel rotten).↗ Everyday, meaning 4: Morally bad, dishonest (rotten to the core).↗ Everyday, meaning 5: Spoiled rotten: given too much and allowed everything.↗ Example: This banana is rotten — throw it in the compost.↗ · Don't climb on that branch, it's rotten.↗ · The room smelled of rotten eggs.↗ · We had rotten weather on our camping trip.↗ · I feel rotten — I think I have a cold.↗ · That was a rotten thing to say to your friend.↗ · The grandparents spoil the baby rotten.↗ · Last one in the pool is a rotten egg!↗ · "Rotten apples," answered the ostler; "a whole sackful of them.↗ · He esteemeth iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood.↗ (Writings JOB.41.19, JPS 1917)↗

rottenness — In Jewish tradition, meaning 1: The state of decaying or rotting, especially of wood or bones.↗ Example: Therefore am I unto Ephraim as a moth, and to the house of Judah as rottenness.↗ (Prophets HOS.5.12, JPS 1917)↗ · A tranquil heart is the life of the flesh; but envy is the rottenness of the bones.↗ (Writings PRO.14.30, JPS 1917)↗ · A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband; but she that doeth shamefully is as rottenness in his bones.↗ (Writings PRO.12.4, JPS 1917)↗

rotting — Everyday, meaning 1: Rotting means going bad and breaking down, as dead plants, animals or food slowly decay.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Rotting wood or teeth are being slowly damaged and becoming soft or weak.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (figurative) Rotting can describe something getting worse slowly from neglect, like «left rotting in a shed».↗ Example: The apples were rotting on the ground.↗ · A rotting log is home to many insects.↗ · The bin smelled of rotting food.↗ · Worms help rotting leaves turn into soil.↗ · Too many sweets can lead to rotting teeth.↗ · The old boat was left rotting on the beach.↗ · Rotting food should be thrown away, not eaten.↗

rottweiler — Everyday, meaning 1: A Rottweiler is a large, strong breed of dog, black with brown markings, first bred in Germany to herd cattle and guard.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (informal) Calling someone a rottweiler means they are fierce and aggressive in arguing or defending something.↗ Example: Our neighbours have a friendly Rottweiler called Bruno.↗ · A Rottweiler is black with brown patches on its face and legs.↗ · Always ask the owner before you stroke a Rottweiler.↗ · Rottweilers were once used to herd cattle to market.↗ · The guard dog was a huge Rottweiler.↗ · (informal) The new manager is a rottweiler in meetings.↗ · Rottweilers need lots of exercise and training.↗

rouble — Everyday, meaning 1: A rouble is a unit of money used in Russia long ago and still in some countries.↗ Example: His master gave him a rouble.↗ · The ox costs twenty roubles.↗ · The rich man lent him twenty roubles.↗

rouge — Everyday, meaning 1: (French) «Rouge» means «red» in French: «une pomme rouge» is «a red apple».↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Rouge is red or pink make-up powder or cream put on the cheeks, now usually called «blusher» or «blush».↗ Everyday, meaning 3: In the game of roulette, «rouge» means red.↗ To an English ear it sounds like «roozh».↗ Example: In French, «rouge» means «red».↗ · «Le drapeau est bleu, blanc et rouge» means «the flag is blue, white and red».↗ · Grandma put a little rouge on her cheeks.↗ · The actor's cheeks were painted with rouge.↗ · Baton Rouge is a city in Louisiana.↗ · «Rouge» sounds like «roozh».↗ · In French we say «un crayon rouge» — the colour goes after the noun.↗ · Nevertheless she wore rouge and patches, a mantle of silver brocade and a crown of diamonds, and her dress was covered with jewels, and green and pink ribbons.↗

rough — Everyday, meaning 1: Rough means not smooth; a rough surface is bumpy or uneven when you touch it.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Rough means not gentle; using too much force.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Rough means not exact or not finished, like a rough guess or a rough drawing.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: Rough weather or sea is stormy, with big waves and wind.↗ Everyday, meaning 5: Rough means difficult or unpleasant, like a rough day.↗ Everyday, meaning 6: Feeling rough (UK) means feeling ill.↗ Everyday, meaning 7: To rough it is to live without comforts, as when camping.↗ Everyday, meaning 8: Rough can also mean not polished or refined, lacking fine manners or style.↗ Example: The bark of the tree feels rough.↗ · Sandpaper is rough, but glass is smooth.↗ · Don't be rough with the puppy.↗ · Make a rough estimate before you calculate.↗ · Write a rough draft first, then check it.↗ · The sea was too rough for swimming.↗ · I've had a rough day.↗ · Rough surfaces create more friction.↗ · "It was a little rough--it wanted elegance."↗ · And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley.↗ (Torah DEU.21.4, JPS 1917)↗ · And the rough he-goat is the king of Greece; and the great horn that is between his eyes is the first king.↗ (Writings DAN.8.21, JPS 1917)↗ · In full measure, when Thou sendest her away, Thou dost contend with her; He hath removed her with His rough blast in the day of the east wind.↗ (Prophets ISA.27.8, JPS 1917)↗ · Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill shall be made low; and the rugged shall be made level, and the rough places a plain; (Prophets ISA.40.4, JPS 1917)↗

roughly — Everyday, meaning 1: Roughly means about, not exactly: roughly 100 people.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Roughly means in a rough, not gentle way.↗ e.g. He pushed me roughly.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Roughly also means not carefully or neatly: roughly cut pieces.↗ Example: There were roughly 30 children at the party.↗ · 49 is roughly 50.↗ · Do not treat the puppy roughly.↗ · Roughly chop the onion into big pieces.↗ · The trip takes roughly two hours.↗ · The two bags weigh roughly the same.↗ · He grabbed the ball roughly.↗ · Roughly speaking, half the class walks to school.↗ · In this place I can only roughly summarise my results.↗ · 'The man, the lord of the land, spoke roughly with us, and took us for spies of the country.↗ (Torah GEN.42.30, JPS 1917)↗ · And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spoke roughly with them; and he said unto them: 'Whence come ye?'↗ And they said: 'From the land of Canaan to buy food.'↗ (Torah GEN.42.7, JPS 1917)↗ · Then said David to Jonathan: 'Who shall tell me if perchance thy father answer thee roughly?'↗ (Prophets 1SA.20.10, JPS 1917)↗ · And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men, (Writings 2CH.10.13, JPS 1917)↗ · And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the counsel of the old men which they had given him; (Prophets 1KI.12.13, JPS 1917)↗