adversity

Who acts: friend, thou, strength, righteous man, She, family · What happens: be, lose, face, love, bear, faint · To what, where: someone, danger, brother, wicked stumble, great courage, final

«adversity» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: adversity in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A very hard or unlucky time, full of problems and troubles: illness, being poor, losing someone, or facing danger.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 time	det
2	very	very	ADV	_	3 hard	advmod
3	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 time	amod
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 unlucky	cc
5	unlucky	unlucky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hard	conj
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 full	punct
8	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 time	amod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 problems	case
10	problems	problem	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 full	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 troubles	cc
12	troubles	trouble	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 problems	conj
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 illness	punct
14	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 problems	appos
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 poor	punct
16	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 poor	cop
17	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 illness	amod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 losing	punct
19	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 poor	advcl
20	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	19 losing	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 facing	punct
22	or	or	CCONJ	_	23 facing	cc
23	facing	face	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 losing	conj
24	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 facing	obj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 time	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	gerund		poor property	tree rules
2	lose	gerund	someone		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Eventuality
3	face	gerund	danger		vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme danger=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A particular difficult event or misfortune (plural adversities).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 event	det
2	particular	particular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 event	amod
3	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 event	amod
4	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 misfortune	cc
6	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 event	conj
7	(	(	PUNCT	_	9 adversities	punct
8	plural	plural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 adversities	amod
9	adversities	adversity	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 misfortune	appos
10	)	)	PUNCT	_	9 adversities	punct
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 event	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is born for adversity. (Writings PRO.17.17, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is born for adversity.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loveth	nsubj
3	loveth	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 times	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 times	det
6	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 loveth	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 born	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 born	cc
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 brother	det
10	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 born	nsubj:pass
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 born	aux:pass
12	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 loveth	parataxis
13	for	for	ADP	_	14 adversity	case
14	adversity	adversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 born	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 loveth	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	love	present	a friend				time		vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer
2	bear	present · passive		a brother				for adversity	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus for adversity=Attribute

Sentence 2: (Writings PRO.17.17, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PRO.17.17	PRO.17.17	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PRO.17.17	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PRO.17.17	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small indeed. (Writings PRO.24.10, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small indeed.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	3 faint	mark
2	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 faint	nsubj
3	faint	faint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 small	advcl
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 day	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 day	det
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 faint	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 adversity	case
8	adversity	adversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 day	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 faint	punct
10	thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	11 strength	nmod:poss
11	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 small	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 small	cop
13	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
14	indeed	indeed	ADV	_	13 small	advmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 small	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	faint a condition, not said to happen	present	thou				day		vn change_bodily_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	is	present	thy strength					indeed, small property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Writings PRO.24.10, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PRO.24.10	PRO.24.10	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PRO.24.10	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PRO.24.10	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

For a righteous man falleth seven times, and riseth up again, but the wicked stumble under adversity. (Writings PRO.24.16, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: For a righteous man falleth seven times, and riseth up again, but the wicked stumble under adversity.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	For	for	SCONJ	_	5 falleth	mark
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 man	det
3	righteous	righteous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 man	amod
4	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 falleth	nsubj
5	falleth	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 times	nummod
7	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 falleth	obl:unmarked
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 riseth	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 riseth	cc
10	riseth	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 falleth	conj
11	up	up	ADP	_	10 riseth	compound:prt
12	again	again	ADV	_	10 riseth	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 stumble	punct
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	17 stumble	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 stumble	det
16	wicked	wicked	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 stumble	amod
17	stumble	stumble	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 falleth	obl
18	under	under	ADP	_	19 adversity	case
19	adversity	adversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 stumble	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 falleth	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	a righteous man	the wicked stumble under adversity			time		vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	rise up	present	a righteous man not said here				again		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Sentence 2: (Writings PRO.24.16, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PRO.24.16	PRO.24.16	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PRO.24.16	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PRO.24.16	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

She showed great courage in the face of adversity.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 showed	nsubj
2	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 courage	amod
4	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 showed	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 face	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 face	det
7	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 showed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 adversity	case
9	adversity	adversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 face	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 showed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past	She	great courage				in the face of adversity	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent courage=Patient in face=Topic

Example 5

The team overcame adversity to win the final.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 team	det
2	team	team	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 adversity	nsubj
3	overcame	overcame	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 adversity	amod
4	adversity	adversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 win	mark
6	win	win	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 adversity	acl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 final	det
8	final	final	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 win	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 adversity	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	win	to-infinitive		the final					vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent final=Eventuality

Example 6

The family faced many adversities after the flood.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 family	det
2	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 faced	nsubj
3	faced	face	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 adversities	amod
5	adversities	adversity	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 faced	obj
6	after	after	ADP	_	8 flood	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 flood	det
8	flood	flood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 faced	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 faced	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	face	past	the family	many adversities			after the flood		vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme adversity=Destination

Example 7

Adversity can make friends grow closer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adversity	adversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 make	aux
3	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	obj
5	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 make	xcomp
6	closer	close	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 grow	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	can	Adversity	friends					tree rules
2	grow	infinitive	friends not said here					close property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 8

The story is about a boy who triumphs over adversity.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 story	det
2	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 boy	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 boy	cop
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 boy	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 boy	det
6	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 triumphs	nsubj
8	triumphs	triumph	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 boy	acl:relcl
9	over	over	ADP	_	10 adversity	case
10	adversity	adversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 triumphs	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 boy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the story					about a boy	tree rules
2	triumph	present	a boy			adversity			vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Example 9

Helen Keller's life is an example of courage in adversity.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Helen	Helen	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 life	nmod:poss
2	Keller	Keller	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Helen	flat
3	's	's	PART	_	1 Helen	case
4	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 example	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 example	cop
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 example	det
7	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 courage	case
9	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 example	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 adversity	case
11	adversity	adversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 courage	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 example	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Helen's life	a example				of courage in adversity	tree rules

Example 10

We must make friends in prosperity if we would have their help in adversity.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 make	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 make	aux
3	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 prosperity	case
6	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	obl
7	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 have	mark
8	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 have	nsubj
9	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 have	aux
10	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 make	advcl
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 help	nmod:poss
12	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 have	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 adversity	case
14	adversity	adversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 have	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	make	must	We	friends	prosperity	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Product
2	have a condition, not said to happen	would	we	friends's help	adversity	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Patient
3	help		friends = friend			nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/adversity/