billow

Who acts: billow, cloth, waves, Thy, Thou, flood · What happens: be, rise, do, call, wave, billow · To what, where: big rolling wave, wind, me, depth, sea, great billows · Speech: someone speaks here

«billow» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: billow in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A billow is a big rolling wave of the sea.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 billow	det
2	billow	billow	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wave	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 wave	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 wave	det
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 wave	amod
6	rolling	rolling	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wave	compound
7	wave	wave	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 sea	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sea	det
10	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wave	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 wave	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a billow	a big rolling wave				of the sea	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To billow is to swell out and rise like a wave, as cloth does in the wind.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 billow	mark
2	billow	billow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 swell	advcl
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 swell	cop
4	to	to	PART	_	5 swell	mark
5	swell	swell	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	out	out	ADP	_	5 swell	compound:prt
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 rise	cc
8	rise	rise	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 swell	conj
9	like	like	ADP	_	11 wave	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 wave	det
11	wave	wave	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rise	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 does	punct
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	15 does	mark
14	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 does	nsubj
15	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 swell	conj
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 wind	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 wind	det
18	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 does	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 swell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present			swell property	tree rules
2	rise	infinitive			like a wave	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	do	present	cloth	the wind		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 1

Deep calleth unto deep at the voice of Thy cataracts; all Thy waves and Thy billows are gone over me. (Writings PSA.42.8, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Deep calleth unto deep at the voice of Thy cataracts; all Thy waves and Thy billows are gone over me.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 calleth	amod
2	calleth	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	unto	unto	ADP	_	4 deep	case
4	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 calleth	xcomp
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 voice	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 voice	det
7	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 deep	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 cataracts	case
9	Thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	10 cataracts	nmod:poss
10	cataracts	cataract	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 voice	nmod
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 gone	punct
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 waves	det
13	Thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	14 waves	nmod:poss
14	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 gone	nsubj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 billows	cc
16	Thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	17 billows	nmod:poss
17	billows	billow	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 waves	conj
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 gone	cop
19	gone	gone	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 calleth	parataxis
20	over	over	ADP	_	21 me	case
21	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 gone	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 calleth	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	call speech: assert	present		deep property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Thy waves and Thy billows	over me; gone property	tree rules
3	wave		Thy		nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent
4	billow		Thy		nom billow «event intransitive»: poss=agent

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.42.8, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.42.8	PSA.42.8	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.42.8	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.42.8	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

For Thou didst cast me into the depth, in the heart of the seas, and the flood was round about me; all Thy waves and Thy billows passed over me. (Prophets JON.2.4, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: For Thou didst cast me into the depth, in the heart of the seas, and the flood was round about me; all Thy waves and Thy billows passed over me.

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	For	for	SCONJ	_	3 didst	mark
2	Thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 didst	nsubj
3	didst	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 passed	advcl
4	cast	cast	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 didst	xcomp
5	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 cast	obj
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 depth	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 depth	det
8	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cast	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 heart	punct
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 heart	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 heart	det
12	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cast	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 seas	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 seas	det
15	seas	sea	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 heart	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 round	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 round	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 flood	det
19	flood	flood	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 round	nsubj
20	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 round	cop
21	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 didst	parataxis
22	about	about	ADP	_	23 me	case
23	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 round	obl
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 didst	punct
25	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	27 waves	det
26	Thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	27 waves	nmod:poss
27	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 passed	nsubj
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 billows	cc
29	Thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	30 billows	nmod:poss
30	billows	billow	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 waves	conj
31	passed	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
32	over	over	ADP	_	33 me	case
33	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	31 passed	obl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	31 passed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	do	past	Thou				tree rules
2	cast	infinitive	Thou not said here	me	the depth	in the heart of the seas	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent i=Material into depth=Product
3	is	past	the flood			about me; round property	tree rules
4	pass	past	Thy waves and Thy billows			over me	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over i=Location
5	wave		Thy				nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent
6	billow		Thy				nom billow «event intransitive»: poss=agent

Sentence 2: (Prophets JON.2.4, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JON.2.4	JON.2.4	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JON.2.4	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JON.2.4	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

The sea rolled in great billows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sea	det
2	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rolled	nsubj:pass
3	rolled	roll	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 billows	case
5	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 billows	amod
6	billows	billow	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 rolled	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 rolled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	participle · passive		the sea		great billows			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme in billow=Trajectory

Example 4

Her cloak billowed behind her.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cloak	nmod:poss
2	cloak	cloak	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 billowed	nsubj
3	billowed	billow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	behind	behind	ADP	_	5 her	case
5	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 billowed	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 billowed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	billow	past	Her cloak					behind her = she	vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind she=Location

Example 5

Pray for those lost beyond the foaming billows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pray	pray	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	for	for	ADP	_	3 those	case
3	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	1 Pray	obl
4	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 those	acl
5	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	8 billows	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 billows	det
7	foaming	foaming	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 billows	compound
8	billows	billow	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lost	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Pray	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pray	imperative	you not said here					for those	vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for that=Theme
2	lose	participle						beyond the foaming billows	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/B/billow/