cf
Who acts: Latin word, confer, Bahir, level, that, Psalm · What happens: mean, compare, tell, look, associate, cf · To what, where: reader, Thirty Ways, Bahir, לֵב lev, one level, breath · Speech: someone speaks here
«cf» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cf in the Judaism dictionary.
Meaning 1
Usage: formal, writing — kept apart, not parsed.
Short for the Latin word «confer», meaning «compare»; it tells the reader to look at another thing and compare it with this one.
The tree, 23 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 word | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 word | det |
| 4 | Latin | Latin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 word | amod |
| 5 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Short | obl |
| 6 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 7 confer | punct |
| 7 | confer | confer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 word | appos |
| 8 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 7 confer | punct |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 meaning | punct |
| 10 | meaning | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 word | acl |
| 11 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 12 compare | punct |
| 12 | compare | compare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 meaning | ccomp |
| 13 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 12 compare | punct |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 tells | punct |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 tells | nsubj |
| 16 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Short | conj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 reader | det |
| 18 | reader | reader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 tells | iobj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 look | mark |
| 20 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 tells | xcomp |
| 21 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 thing | case |
| 22 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 thing | det |
| 23 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 look | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 compare | cc |
| 25 | compare | compare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 look | conj |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 compare | obj |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 one | case |
| 28 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 one | det |
| 29 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 compare | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Short | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | gerund | the Latin word not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | compare in a quote | infinitive | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | present | confer | the reader | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent reader=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | look not said to happen | to-infinitive | confer not said here | at another thing | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at thing=Theme | ||||
| 5 | compare | infinitive | confer not said here | reader | with this one | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient with one=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1
In the Bahir, the Thirty-Two Ways are associated with the gematria value of לֵב lev ‘heart’ ([Bahir 63], [Bahir 95] inter alia cf. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
Sentence 1: In the Bahir, the Thirty-Two Ways are associated with the gematria value of לֵב lev ‘heart’ ([Bahir 63], [Bahir 95] inter alia cf.
The tree, 24 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 Bahir | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Bahir | det |
| 3 | Bahir | Bahir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 associated | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Bahir | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Ways | det |
| 6 | Thirty | thirty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 Ways | nummod |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 Two | punct |
| 8 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 Thirty | conj |
| 9 | Ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 associated | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 associated | aux:pass |
| 11 | associated | associate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 value | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 value | det |
| 14 | gematria | gematria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 value | compound |
| 15 | value | value | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 associated | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 lev | case |
| 17 | לֵב | לֵב | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lev | compound |
| 18 | lev | lev | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 value | nmod |
| 19 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 20 heart | punct |
| 20 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lev | conj |
| 21 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 18 lev | punct |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 24 Bahir | punct |
| 23 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 24 Bahir | punct |
| 24 | Bahir | Bahir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 lev | appos |
| 25 | 63 | 63 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 Bahir | flat |
| 26 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 24 Bahir | punct |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 cf | punct |
| 28 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 29 Bahir | punct |
| 29 | Bahir | Bahir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 cf | nsubj |
| 30 | 95 | 95 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 Bahir | flat |
| 31 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 29 Bahir | punct |
| 32 | inter | int | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 cf | amod |
| 33 | alia | alia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 cf | compound |
| 34 | cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 associated | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 associated | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | associate | present · passive | the Thirty Ways | the Bahir | with the gematria value of לֵב lev and heart | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with value=Co-Patient | |||
| 2 | cf | Bahir | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | value | לֵב lev and heart | nom value «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sefer | punct |
| 2 | Sefer | Sefer | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | Yetzirah | Yetzirah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Sefer | flat |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 translation | punct |
| 5 | Sefaria | Sefaria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 translation | compound |
| 6 | community | community | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 translation | compound |
| 7 | translation | translation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Sefer | appos |
| 8 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sefer | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2
On one level, it refers to the individual person or creature, i.e., ‘that which has breath’, similar to the term נְשָׁמָה neshamah (cf. [Psalm 150:6]), and might be translated ‘person, individual, being’. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
Sentence 1: On one level, it refers to the individual person or creature, i.e., ‘that which has breath’, similar to the term נְשָׁמָה neshamah (cf.
The tree, 22 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 level | case |
| 2 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 level | nummod |
| 3 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 refers | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 level | punct |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 refers | nsubj |
| 6 | refers | refer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 person | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 person | det |
| 9 | individual | individual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 person | amod |
| 10 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 refers | obl |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 creature | cc |
| 12 | creature | creature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 person | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 i.e. | punct |
| 14 | i.e. | i.e. | ADV | _ | 10 person | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 has | punct |
| 16 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 19 has | punct |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 has | nsubj |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 has | nsubj |
| 19 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 refers | conj |
| 20 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 has | obj |
| 21 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 20 breath | punct |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 similar | punct |
| 23 | similar | similar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 breath | conj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 term | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 term | det |
| 26 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 similar | obl |
| 27 | נְשָׁמָה | נְשָׁמָה | PUNCT | _ | 28 neshamah | punct |
| 28 | neshamah | neshamah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 term | appos |
| 29 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 30 cf | punct |
| 30 | cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 neshamah | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 refers | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refer | present | level | one level | to the individual person or creature | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to person=Co-Theme | |||
| 2 | have | present | that | breath | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Patient |
Sentence 2: [Psalm 150:6]), and might be translated ‘person, individual, being’.
The tree, 9 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 Psalm | punct |
| 2 | Psalm | Psalm | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | 150:6 | 150:6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 Psalm | flat |
| 4 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 Psalm | punct |
| 5 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 Psalm | punct |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 translated | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 translated | cc |
| 8 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 translated | aux |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 translated | aux:pass |
| 10 | translated | translate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 Psalm | acl:relcl |
| 11 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 12 person | punct |
| 12 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 translated | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 individual | punct |
| 14 | individual | individual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 person | amod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 being | punct |
| 16 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 person | parataxis |
| 17 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 12 person | punct |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 Psalm | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | translate | might · passive | Psalm not said here | person | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: person=Patient |
Sentence 3: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sefer | punct |
| 2 | Sefer | Sefer | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | Yetzirah | Yetzirah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Sefer | flat |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 translation | punct |
| 5 | Sefaria | Sefaria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 translation | compound |
| 6 | community | community | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 translation | compound |
| 7 | translation | translation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Sefer | appos |
| 8 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sefer | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3
Most literally, it means ‘waste(land)’, the lifeless open desert, a translation of [Genesis 1:2] so far captured in English only by Robert Alter’s The Hebrew Bible (2019), who poetically renders תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ tohu vavohu as “waste and welter”; cf. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
Sentence 1: Most literally, it means ‘waste(land)’, the lifeless open desert, a translation of [Genesis 1:2] so far captured in English only by Robert Alter’s The Hebrew Bible (2019), who poetically renders תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ tohu vavohu as “waste and welter”; cf.
The tree, 41 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 means | obl |
| 2 | literally | literally | ADV | _ | 1 Most | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Most | punct |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 means | nsubj |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 waste | punct |
| 7 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 means | obj |
| 8 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 9 land | punct |
| 9 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 waste | appos |
| 10 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 9 land | punct |
| 11 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 waste | punct |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 desert | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 desert | det |
| 14 | lifeless | lifeless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 desert | amod |
| 15 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 desert | amod |
| 16 | desert | desert | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 waste | appos |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 translation | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 translation | det |
| 19 | translation | translation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 desert | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 Genesis | case |
| 21 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 22 Genesis | punct |
| 22 | Genesis | Genesis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 translation | nmod |
| 23 | 1:2 | 1:2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 Genesis | flat |
| 24 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 16 desert | punct |
| 25 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 captured | advmod |
| 26 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 captured | advmod |
| 27 | captured | capture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 means | parataxis |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 English | case |
| 29 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 captured | obl |
| 30 | only | only | ADV | _ | 32 Robert | advmod |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 Robert | case |
| 32 | Robert | Robert | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 captured | obl:agent |
| 33 | Alter | Alter | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Robert | flat |
| 34 | ’s | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 Robert | acl:relcl |
| 35 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Bible | det |
| 36 | Hebrew | Hebrew | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 Bible | compound |
| 37 | Bible | Bible | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 ’s | obj |
| 38 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 39 2019 | punct |
| 39 | 2019 | 2019 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 Bible | appos |
| 40 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 39 2019 | punct |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 תֹהוּ | punct |
| 42 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 תֹהוּ | nsubj |
| 43 | poetically | poetically | ADV | _ | 45 תֹהוּ | advmod |
| 44 | renders | render | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 תֹהוּ | nsubj |
| 45 | תֹהוּ | תֹהוּ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 Bible | conj |
| 46 | וָבֹהוּ | וָבֹהוּ | X | Foreign=Yes | 45 תֹהוּ | obj |
| 47 | tohu | tohu | X | Foreign=Yes | 46 וָבֹהוּ | flat:foreign |
| 48 | vavohu | vavohu | X | Foreign=Yes | 46 וָבֹהוּ | flat:foreign |
| 49 | as | as | ADP | _ | 51 waste | case |
| 50 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 51 waste | punct |
| 51 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 תֹהוּ | obl |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 welter | cc |
| 53 | welter | welter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 waste | conj |
| 54 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 תֹהוּ | punct |
| 55 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 56 cf | punct |
| 56 | cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 means | parataxis |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | it | Most | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent waste=Topic | ||||
| 2 | capture | participle | English | far property | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | תֹהוּ | present | the Hebrew Bible | וָבֹהוּ | as waste and welter; poetically property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | translate | Genesis | nom translation «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sefer | punct |
| 2 | Sefer | Sefer | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | Yetzirah | Yetzirah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Sefer | flat |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 translation | punct |
| 5 | Sefaria | Sefaria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 translation | compound |
| 6 | community | community | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 translation | compound |
| 7 | translation | translation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Sefer | appos |
| 8 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sefer | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4
Rabbit (cf. hare) is a smaller animal with shorter ears.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rabbit | rabbit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 animal | nsubj |
| 2 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 3 cf | punct |
| 3 | cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Rabbit | appos |
| 4 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 cf | punct |
| 5 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cf | conj |
| 6 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 3 cf | punct |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 animal | cop |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 animal | det |
| 9 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 10 animal | amod |
| 10 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 ears | case |
| 12 | shorter | short | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 ears | amod |
| 13 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 animal | nmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 animal | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Rabbit | a smaller animal | with shorter ears | tree rules |
Example 5
The text says "cf. chapter 3" so I turned to chapter 3.
The tree, 12 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 text | det |
| 2 | text | text | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 cf | punct |
| 5 | cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | obj |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 cf | punct |
| 7 | chapter | chapter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cf | conj |
| 8 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 chapter | flat |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 cf | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 turned | advmod |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 turned | nsubj |
| 12 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | advcl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 chapter | mark |
| 14 | chapter | chapter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 turned | obj |
| 15 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 chapter | flat |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the text | cf and chapter | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cf=Topic | ||||
| 2 | turn | past | I | chapter | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent chapter=Theme |
Example 6
The dictionary wrote "cf. affect" next to "effect".
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dictionary | det |
| 2 | dictionary | dictionary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wrote | nsubj |
| 3 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 cf | punct |
| 5 | cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wrote | obj |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 affect | punct |
| 7 | affect | affect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cf | conj |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 cf | punct |
| 9 | next | next | ADV | _ | 12 effect | advmod |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 effect | case |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 effect | punct |
| 12 | effect | effect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wrote | parataxis |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 effect | punct |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wrote | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | past | the dictionary | cf and affect | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent cf=Recipient clause=Topic |
Example 7
In the notes it said: warm-blooded, cf. cold-blooded.
The tree, 10 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 notes | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 notes | det |
| 3 | notes | note | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 said | obl |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 said | nsubj |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 blooded | punct |
| 7 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 blooded | amod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 warm | punct |
| 9 | blooded | blooded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 said | ccomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 cf | punct |
| 11 | cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 blooded | vocative |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 blooded | punct |
| 13 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 blooded | amod |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 cold | punct |
| 15 | blooded | blooded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 blooded | advcl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | it | the notes | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in note=Manner |
Example 8
Cf. means "compare", not "see also" exactly.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 means | nsubj |
| 2 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Cf | punct |
| 3 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 compare | punct |
| 5 | compare | compare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 means | obj |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 compare | punct |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 see | punct |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 see | advmod |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 see | punct |
| 10 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 means | parataxis |
| 11 | also | also | ADV | _ | 10 see | advmod |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 see | punct |
| 13 | exactly | exactly | ADV | _ | 10 see | advmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Cf | compare | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not see in a quote | infinitive | exactly property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
Example 9
The teacher wrote "cf. last week's poem" on the board.
The tree, 11 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 teacher | det |
| 2 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wrote | nsubj |
| 3 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 cf | punct |
| 5 | cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wrote | obj |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wrote | punct |
| 7 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 week | amod |
| 8 | week | week | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 poem | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 week | case |
| 10 | poem | poem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wrote | obl |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 poem | punct |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 board | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 board | det |
| 14 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wrote | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wrote | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | past | the teacher | cf | the board | last week's poem obl | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cf=Theme on board=Destination |
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/C/cf/