darkened Who acts: Past form, you, eyes, clouds, crying, mirth · What happens: make, grow, darken, form, let, not see · To what, where: darken, eyes, loins, stars, joy, film
«darkened» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: darkened in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Made darker or grown darker, with little light.
xcomp cc conj xcomp punct case amod obl punct root Made VERB darker ADJ or CCONJ grown VERB darker ADJ , PUNCT with ADP little ADJ light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 darker dark ADJ Degree=Cmp 1 Made xcomp 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 grown cc 4 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Made conj 5 darker dark ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 grown xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 light punct 7 with with ADP _ 9 light case 8 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 9 light amod 9 light light NOUN Number=Sing 4 grown obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make participle dark property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 grow participle with little light; dark property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Past form of darken: the sky darkened.
amod nsubj case nmod punct det nsubj punct root Past ADJ form NOUN of ADP darken NOUN : PUNCT the DET sky NOUN darkened VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Past past ADJ Degree=Pos 2 form amod 2 form form NOUN Number=Sing 8 darkened nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 darken case 4 darken darken NOUN Number=Sing 2 form nmod 5 : : PUNCT _ 8 darkened punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sky det 7 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 8 darkened nsubj 8 darkened darken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 darkened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken past Past form of darken vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 form darken nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to totter. (Writings PSA.69.24, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to totter.
The tree, 16 words nmod:poss obj aux:pass xcomp punct mark nsubj parataxis advmod punct cc parataxis nmod:poss obj advmod mark obl punct root Let VERB their PRON eyes NOUN be AUX darkened VERB , PUNCT that SCONJ they PRON see VERB not PART ; PUNCT and CCONJ make VERB their PRON loins NOUN continually ADV to PART totter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 eyes nmod:poss 3 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 1 Let obj 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 darkened aux:pass 5 darkened darken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Let xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 see punct 7 that that SCONJ _ 9 see mark 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 see nsubj 9 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Let parataxis 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 see advmod 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 make punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 make cc 13 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Let parataxis 14 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 loins nmod:poss 15 loins loin NOUN Number=Plur 13 make obj 16 continually continually ADV _ 18 totter advmod 17 to to PART _ 18 totter mark 18 totter totter NOUN Number=Sing 13 make obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here their eyes tree rules 2 darken infinitive · passive their eyes not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» 3 not see present eyes = eye vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 make infinitive eyes's loins totter obl vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset loin=Product
Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.69.24, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN PSA.69.24 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 PSA.69.24 PSA.69.24 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 PSA.69.24 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 PSA.69.24 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 Before the sun, and the light, and the moon, and the stars, are darkened, and the clouds return after the rain; (Writings ECC.12.2, JPS 1917)
The tree, 25 words case det obl punct cc det punct cc det conj punct cc det nsubj:pass punct aux:pass parataxis punct cc det nsubj conj case det obl punct punct parataxis appos punct flat flat punct root Before ADP the DET sun NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET light NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET moon NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET stars NOUN , PUNCT are AUX darkened VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET clouds NOUN return VERB after ADP the DET rain NOUN ; PUNCT ( PUNCT Writings NOUN ECC.12.2 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Before before ADP _ 3 sun case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sun det 3 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 7 light obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 light punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 light cc 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 light det 7 light light NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 moon punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 moon cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 moon det 11 moon moon NOUN Number=Sing 7 light conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 18 darkened punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 18 darkened cc 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 stars det 15 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 18 darkened nsubj:pass 16 , , PUNCT _ 15 stars punct 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 darkened aux:pass 18 darkened darken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 light parataxis 19 , , PUNCT _ 23 return punct 20 and and CCONJ _ 23 return cc 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 clouds det 22 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 23 return nsubj 23 return return VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 darkened conj 24 after after ADP _ 26 rain case 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 rain det 26 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 23 return obl 27 ; ; PUNCT _ 29 Writings punct 28 ( ( PUNCT _ 29 Writings punct 29 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur 7 light parataxis 30 ECC.12.2 ECC.12.2 PROPN Number=Sing 29 Writings appos 31 , , PUNCT _ 32 JPS punct 32 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 30 ECC.12.2 flat 33 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 30 ECC.12.2 flat 34 ) ) PUNCT _ 29 Writings punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken present · passive the stars vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient 2 return present the clouds after the rain vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 There is a crying in the streets amidst the wine; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone. (Prophets ISA.24.11, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: There is a crying in the streets amidst the wine; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone.
The tree, 21 words expl det nsubj case det nmod case det nmod punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis punct det nsubj case det nmod cop conj punct root There PRON is VERB a DET crying NOUN in ADP the DET streets NOUN amidst ADP the DET wine NOUN ; PUNCT all DET joy NOUN is AUX darkened VERB , PUNCT the DET mirth NOUN of ADP the DET land NOUN is AUX gone ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 crying det 4 crying crying NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 7 streets case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 streets det 7 streets street NOUN Number=Plur 4 crying nmod 8 amidst amidst ADP _ 10 wine case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 wine det 10 wine wine NOUN Number=Sing 7 streets nmod 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 darkened punct 12 all all DET PronType=Tot 13 joy det 13 joy joy NOUN Number=Sing 15 darkened nsubj:pass 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 darkened aux:pass 15 darkened darken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 is parataxis 16 , , PUNCT _ 23 gone punct 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 mirth det 18 mirth mirth NOUN Number=Sing 23 gone nsubj 19 of of ADP _ 21 land case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 land det 21 land land NOUN Number=Sing 18 mirth nmod 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 gone cop 23 gone gone ADJ Degree=Pos 15 darkened conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a crying in the streets amidst the wine there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 darken present · passive all joy vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient 3 is present the mirth of the land gone property tree rules
Sentence 2: (Prophets ISA.24.11, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN ISA.24.11 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 ISA.24.11 ISA.24.11 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Prophets appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 ISA.24.11 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 ISA.24.11 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4 We watched the film in a darkened room.
nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root We PRON watched VERB the DET film NOUN in ADP a DET darkened VERB room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 watched nsubj 2 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 film det 4 film film NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 room case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 room det 7 darkened darken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 room amod 8 room room NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past We the film a darkened room vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Theme 2 darken participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 The darkened streets felt quiet and spooky.
det amod nsubj xcomp cc conj punct root The DET darkened VERB streets NOUN felt VERB quiet ADJ and CCONJ spooky ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 streets det 2 darkened darken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 streets amod 3 streets street NOUN Number=Plur 4 felt nsubj 4 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 4 felt xcomp 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 spooky cc 7 spooky spooky ADJ Degree=Pos 5 quiet conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 feel past the darkened streets quiet property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 6 The sky darkened and it began to rain.
det nsubj cc nsubj conj mark obj punct root The DET sky NOUN darkened VERB and CCONJ it PRON began VERB to PART rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 3 darkened nsubj 3 darkened darken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 began cc 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 began nsubj 6 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 darkened conj 7 to to PART _ 8 rain mark 8 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 6 began obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 darkened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken past the sky vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 begin past sky rain vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Eventuality
Example 7 Shadows are easiest to see in a darkened classroom.
nsubj cop mark acl case det amod obl punct root Shadows NOUN are AUX easiest ADJ to PART see VERB in ADP a DET darkened VERB classroom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shadows shadow NOUN Number=Plur 3 easiest nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 easiest cop 3 easiest easy ADJ Degree=Sup root root 4 to to PART _ 5 see mark 5 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 easiest acl 6 in in ADP _ 9 classroom case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 classroom det 8 darkened darken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 classroom amod 9 classroom classroom NOUN Number=Sing 5 see obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 easiest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Shadows easy property tree rules 2 see to-infinitive a darkened classroom vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 darken participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 8 The house had darkened windows.
det nsubj:pass aux obj punct root The DET house NOUN had AUX darkened VERB windows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 house det 2 house house NOUN Number=Sing 4 darkened nsubj:pass 3 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 darkened aux 4 darkened darken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 windows window NOUN Number=Plur 4 darkened obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 darkened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken past · perfect · passive the house tree rules
Example 9 Her mood darkened when she lost the match.
nmod:poss nsubj mark nsubj ccomp det obj punct root Her PRON mood NOUN darkened VERB when SCONJ she PRON lost VERB the DET match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 mood nmod:poss 2 mood mood NOUN Number=Sing 3 darkened nsubj 3 darkened darken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 6 lost mark 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 lost nsubj 6 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 darkened ccomp 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 match det 8 match match NOUN Number=Sing 6 lost obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 darkened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken past Her mood tree rules 2 lose past mood the match vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Eventuality
Example 10 ‘Give me the youngest instead,’ replied the youth, and the giant’s face darkened as he heard him.
The tree, 18 words punct iobj det iobj advmod punct punct parataxis det obj punct cc det nmod:poss case nsubj parataxis mark nsubj advcl obj punct root ‘ PUNCT Give VERB me PRON the DET youngest ADJ instead ADV , PUNCT ’ PUNCT replied VERB the DET youth NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET giant NOUN ’s PART face NOUN darkened VERB as SCONJ he PRON heard VERB him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 2 Give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Give iobj 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 youngest det 5 youngest young ADJ Degree=Sup 2 Give iobj 6 instead instead ADV _ 2 Give advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 replied punct 8 ’ ' PUNCT _ 9 replied punct 9 replied reply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 Give parataxis 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 youth det 11 youth youth NOUN Number=Sing 9 replied obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 18 darkened punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 18 darkened cc 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 giant det 15 giant giant NOUN Number=Sing 17 face nmod:poss 16 ’s 's PART _ 15 giant case 17 face face NOUN Number=Sing 18 darkened nsubj 18 darkened darken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 Give parataxis 19 as as SCONJ _ 21 heard mark 20 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 heard nsubj 21 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 darkened advcl 22 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 heard obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 Give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give imperative you not said here the youngest instead property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient young=Theme 2 reply speech: assert past the youth vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent youth=Topic 3 darken participle the giant's face vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 hear past face giant vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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