decay Who acts: dead plants, process, tooth decay, antithesis, individual, Judah · What happens: rot, break down, do, become, be, cause · To what, where: old building, holes, teeth, decay, genus, strength · Speech: someone speaks here
«decay» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: decay in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 To rot or break down slowly, as dead plants, animals and food do.
The tree, 13 words mark cc conj compound:prt advmod punct mark amod nsubj punct conj cc conj parataxis punct root To PART rot VERB or CCONJ break VERB down ADP slowly ADV , PUNCT as SCONJ dead ADJ plants NOUN , PUNCT animals NOUN and CCONJ food NOUN do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 rot mark 2 rot rot VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 break cc 4 break break VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 rot conj 5 down down ADP _ 4 break compound:prt 6 slowly slowly ADV _ 4 break advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 15 do punct 8 as as SCONJ _ 15 do mark 9 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 10 plants amod 10 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 15 do nsubj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 animals punct 12 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 10 plants conj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 food cc 14 food food NOUN Number=Sing 10 plants conj 15 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 break parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 rot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rot to-infinitive vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 break down infinitive slowly property vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 do present dead plants and animals and food vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To become weaker or worse over time, like an old building.
mark xcomp cc conj case obl punct case det amod xcomp punct root To PART become VERB weaker ADJ or CCONJ worse ADJ over ADP time NOUN , PUNCT like ADP an DET old ADJ building NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 become mark 2 become become VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 weaker weak ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 become xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 worse cc 5 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 weaker conj 6 over over ADP _ 7 time case 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 weaker obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 building punct 9 like like ADP _ 12 building case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 building det 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 12 building amod 12 building building NOUN Number=Sing 2 become xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 12 building punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become to-infinitive a old building weak property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 As a noun, the process of rotting; "tooth decay" is holes in teeth caused by germs and sugar.
The tree, 18 words case det punct det appos mark acl punct punct compound nsubj punct cop nmod case nmod acl case obl cc conj punct root As ADP a DET noun NOUN , PUNCT the DET process NOUN of SCONJ rotting VERB ; PUNCT " PUNCT tooth NOUN decay NOUN " PUNCT is AUX holes NOUN in ADP teeth NOUN caused VERB by ADP germs NOUN and CCONJ sugar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 noun case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 noun det 3 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 process punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 process det 6 process process NOUN Number=Sing 3 noun appos 7 of of SCONJ _ 8 rotting mark 8 rotting rot VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 process acl 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 holes punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 12 decay punct 11 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 12 decay compound 12 decay decay NOUN Number=Sing 15 holes nsubj 13 " " PUNCT _ 12 decay punct 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 holes cop 15 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 3 noun nmod 16 in in ADP _ 17 teeth case 17 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 15 holes nmod 18 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 teeth acl 19 by by ADP _ 20 germs case 20 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 18 caused obl 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 sugar cc 22 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 20 germs conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 3 noun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rot gerund the process not said here vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present tooth decay holes teeth tree rules 3 cause participle teeth not said here by germs and sugar vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
Example 1 Notwithstanding the decay of the individual, the genus is produced by the antithesis of man and wife. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
Sentence 1: Notwithstanding the decay of the individual, the genus is produced by the antithesis of man and wife.
The tree, 17 words advcl det obj case det nmod punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case nmod cc conj punct root Notwithstanding VERB the DET decay NOUN of ADP the DET individual NOUN , PUNCT the DET genus NOUN is AUX produced VERB by ADP the DET antithesis NOUN of ADP man NOUN and CCONJ wife NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Notwithstanding notwithstand VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 produced advcl 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 decay det 3 decay decay NOUN Number=Sing 1 Notwithstanding obj 4 of of ADP _ 6 individual case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 individual det 6 individual individual NOUN Number=Sing 3 decay nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 1 Notwithstanding punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 genus det 9 genus genus NOUN Number=Sing 11 produced nsubj:pass 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 produced aux:pass 11 produced produce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 12 by by ADP _ 14 antithesis case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 antithesis det 14 antithesis antithesis NOUN Number=Sing 11 produced obl 15 of of ADP _ 16 man case 16 man man NOUN Number=Sing 14 antithesis nmod 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 wife cc 18 wife wife NOUN Number=Sing 16 man conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 11 produced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 notwithstand gerund the antithesis of man and wife not said here the decay of the individual tree rules 2 produce present · passive the antithesis of man and wife the genus vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result 3 decay the individual nom decay «process intransitive»: of=agent
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Kalisch PROPN 1877 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Kalisch punct 5 Kalisch Kalisch PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1877 1877 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Kalisch flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 And Judah said: 'The strength of the bearers of burdens is decayed, and there is much rubbish; so that we are not able to build the wall.' (Writings NEH.4.4, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: And Judah said: 'The strength of the bearers of burdens is decayed, and there is much rubbish; so that we are not able to build the wall.'
The tree, 27 words cc nsubj punct punct det nsubj:pass case det nmod case nmod aux:pass ccomp punct cc expl parataxis amod nsubj punct mark fixed nsubj cop advmod ccomp mark xcomp det obj punct punct root And CCONJ Judah PROPN said VERB : PUNCT ' PUNCT The DET strength NOUN of ADP the DET bearers NOUN of ADP burdens NOUN is AUX decayed VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ there PRON is VERB much ADJ rubbish NOUN ; PUNCT so SCONJ that SCONJ we PRON are AUX not PART able ADJ to PART build VERB the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT ' PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 3 said cc 2 Judah Judah PROPN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 14 decayed punct 5 ' ' PUNCT _ 14 decayed punct 6 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 strength det 7 strength strength NOUN Number=Sing 14 decayed nsubj:pass 8 of of ADP _ 10 bearers case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 bearers det 10 bearers bearer NOUN Number=Plur 7 strength nmod 11 of of ADP _ 12 burdens case 12 burdens burden NOUN Number=Plur 10 bearers nmod 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 decayed aux:pass 14 decayed decay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 said ccomp 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 is punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 18 is cc 17 there there PRON PronType=Dem 18 is expl 18 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 decayed parataxis 19 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 20 rubbish amod 20 rubbish rubbish NOUN Number=Sing 18 is nsubj 21 ; ; PUNCT _ 27 able punct 22 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 27 able mark 23 that that SCONJ _ 22 so fixed 24 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 27 able nsubj 25 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 able cop 26 not not PART Polarity=Neg 27 able advmod 27 able able ADJ Degree=Pos 3 said ccomp 28 to to PART _ 29 build mark 29 build build VERB VerbForm=Inf 27 able xcomp 30 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 31 wall det 31 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 29 build obj 32 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct 33 ' ' PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Judah vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 decay present · passive the strength of the bearers of burdens tree rules 3 be present much rubbish there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 not is present we able property tree rules 5 build to-infinitive we not said here the wall vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wall=Product
Sentence 2: (Writings NEH.4.4, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN NEH.4.4 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 NEH.4.4 NEH.4.4 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 NEH.4.4 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 NEH.4.4 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 Leaves decay and turn into soil.
nsubj cc conj case obl punct root Leaves NOUN decay VERB and CCONJ turn VERB into ADP soil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 2 decay nsubj 2 decay decay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 turn cc 4 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 decay conj 5 into into ADP _ 6 soil case 6 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 4 turn obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 decay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decay present Leaves vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 turn present Leaves not said here soil vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into soil=Trajectory
Example 4 Brush your teeth to stop tooth decay.
nmod:poss obj mark advcl compound obj punct root Brush VERB your PRON teeth NOUN to PART stop VERB tooth NOUN decay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Brush brush VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 teeth nmod:poss 3 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 1 Brush obj 4 to to PART _ 5 stop mark 5 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Brush advcl 6 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 7 decay compound 7 decay decay NOUN Number=Sing 5 stop obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Brush punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brush imperative you not said here your teeth vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme 2 stop to-infinitive you not said here tooth decay vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality decay=Eventuality
Example 5 The old log was decaying in the forest.
det amod nsubj aux case det obl punct root The DET old ADJ log NOUN was AUX decaying VERB in ADP the DET forest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 log det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 log amod 3 log log NOUN Number=Sing 5 decaying nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 decaying aux 5 decaying decay VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 forest case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 forest det 8 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 5 decaying obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 decaying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decay past · progressive the old log the forest vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 Worms and fungi help things decay.
nsubj cc conj obj xcomp punct root Worms NOUN and CCONJ fungi NOUN help VERB things NOUN decay VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Worms worm NOUN Number=Plur 4 help nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 fungi cc 3 fungi fungus NOUN Number=Plur 1 Worms conj 4 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 4 help obj 6 decay decay VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 help xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Worms and fungi things vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent thing=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 decay infinitive things not said here vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 7 The castle has fallen into decay.
det nsubj aux case obl punct root The DET castle NOUN has AUX fallen VERB into ADP decay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 castle det 2 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 4 fallen nsubj 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fallen aux 4 fallen fall VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 into into ADP _ 6 decay case 6 decay decay NOUN Number=Sing 4 fallen obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 fallen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall present · perfect the castle into decay result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into decay=Result
Example 8 Sugary drinks cause tooth decay.
amod nsubj compound obj punct root Sugary ADJ drinks NOUN cause VERB tooth NOUN decay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugary sugary ADJ Degree=Pos 2 drinks amod 2 drinks drink NOUN Number=Plur 3 cause nsubj 3 cause cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 5 decay compound 5 decay decay NOUN Number=Sing 3 cause obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 cause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present Sugary drinks tooth decay vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition decay=Patient
Example 9 But he feared nothing, except that his plums should decay, and this never happened.
The tree, 14 words cc nsubj obj punct mark mark nmod:poss nsubj aux conj punct cc nsubj advmod conj punct root But CCONJ he PRON feared VERB nothing PRON , PUNCT except ADP that SCONJ his PRON plums NOUN should AUX decay VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ this PRON never ADV happened VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 3 feared cc 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 feared nsubj 3 feared fear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 3 feared obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 11 decay punct 6 except except ADP _ 11 decay mark 7 that that SCONJ _ 11 decay mark 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 plums nmod:poss 9 plums plum NOUN Number=Plur 11 decay nsubj 10 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 decay aux 11 decay decay VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 feared conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 happened punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 happened cc 14 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 16 happened nsubj 15 never never ADV PronType=Neg 16 happened advmod 16 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 feared conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 feared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fear past he nothing vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus 2 decay should his plums vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 not happen past this vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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