despair Who acts: feeling, we, them, he, mighty, they · What happens: lose, not despair, find, drive, despair, be · To what, where: hope, cat, someone, despair, them, himself · Speech: someone speaks here
«despair» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: despair in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 The feeling of having lost all hope.
det mark aux acl det obj punct root The DET feeling NOUN of SCONJ having AUX lost VERB all DET hope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 feeling det 2 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of SCONJ _ 5 lost mark 4 having have AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 lost aux 5 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 feeling acl 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 hope det 7 hope hope NOUN Number=Sing 5 lost obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose gerund · perfect the feeling not said here all hope vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To lose hope: «Don't despair — we'll find your cat.».
The tree, 11 words mark obj punct punct aux advmod conj punct nsubj aux conj nmod:poss obj punct punct punct root To PART lose VERB hope NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Do AUX n't PART despair VERB — PUNCT we PRON 'll AUX find VERB your PRON cat NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 lose mark 2 lose lose VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hope hope NOUN Number=Sing 2 lose obj 4 : : PUNCT _ 8 despair punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 8 despair punct 6 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 8 despair aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 despair advmod 8 despair despair VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 lose conj 9 — - PUNCT _ 12 find punct 10 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 find nsubj 11 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 find aux 12 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 despair conj 13 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 cat nmod:poss 14 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 12 find obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 12 find punct 16 » » PUNCT _ 12 find punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 lose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose to-infinitive hope vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Eventuality 2 not despair in a quote infinitive · do-support vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 find in a quote future we your cat vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Topic
Meaning 3 Usage: phrase — kept apart, not parsed.
«Drive someone to despair» or «be the despair of someone» means make them feel hopeless and worried.
The tree, 17 words punct csubj obj mark xcomp punct cc punct cop det conj case nmod punct ccomp obj xcomp xcomp cc conj punct root « PUNCT Drive VERB someone PRON to PART despair VERB » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT be AUX the DET despair NOUN of ADP someone PRON » PUNCT means VERB make VERB them PRON feel VERB hopeless ADJ and CCONJ worried ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Drive punct 2 Drive drive VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 Drive obj 4 to to PART _ 5 despair mark 5 despair despair VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 Drive xcomp 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Drive punct 7 or or CCONJ _ 11 despair cc 8 « « PUNCT _ 11 despair punct 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 despair cop 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 despair det 11 despair despair NOUN Number=Sing 2 Drive conj 12 of of ADP _ 13 someone case 13 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 despair nmod 14 » » PUNCT _ 2 Drive punct 15 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 16 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 means ccomp 17 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 make obj 18 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 make xcomp 19 hopeless hopeless ADJ Degree=Pos 18 feel xcomp 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 worried cc 21 worried worried ADJ Degree=Pos 19 hopeless conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 15 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drive in a quote infinitive someone vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Patient clause=Result 2 despair in a quote to-infinitive vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 is a in a quote infinitive the despair of someone tree rules 4 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 make infinitive them = they tree rules 6 feel infinitive them = they not said here hopeless property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 1 When he raiseth himself up, the mighty are afraid; by reason of despair they are beside themselves. (Writings JOB.41.17, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: When he raiseth himself up, the mighty are afraid; by reason of despair they are beside themselves.
The tree, 17 words advmod nsubj obj compound:prt punct det nsubj cop advcl punct case conj case nmod nsubj cop case nmod punct root When ADV he PRON raiseth VERB himself PRON up ADP , PUNCT the DET mighty ADJ are AUX afraid ADJ ; PUNCT by ADP reason NOUN of ADP despair NOUN they PRON are AUX beside ADP themselves PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 3 raiseth advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 raiseth nsubj 3 raiseth raise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 raiseth obj 5 up up ADP _ 3 raiseth compound:prt 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 afraid punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 mighty det 8 mighty mighty ADJ Degree=Pos 10 afraid nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 afraid cop 10 afraid afraid ADJ Degree=Pos 3 raiseth advcl 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 reason punct 12 by by ADP _ 13 reason case 13 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 10 afraid conj 14 of of ADP _ 15 despair case 15 despair despair NOUN Number=Sing 13 reason nmod 16 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 themselves nsubj 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 themselves cop 18 beside beside ADP _ 19 themselves case 19 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 13 reason nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 raiseth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 raise up present he himself = he vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme 2 is present the mighty afraid property tree rules 3 is present they beside themselves = they tree rules
Sentence 2: (Writings JOB.41.17, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN JOB.41.17 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 JOB.41.17 JOB.41.17 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 JOB.41.17 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 JOB.41.17 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 Therefore I turned about to cause my heart to despair concerning all the labour wherein I had laboured under the sun. (Writings ECC.2.20, JPS 1917)
The tree, 25 words advmod nsubj compound:prt mark xcomp nmod:poss obj mark xcomp case det:predet det obl advmod nsubj aux acl:relcl case det obl punct conj appos punct flat flat punct root Therefore ADV I PRON turned VERB about ADP to PART cause VERB my PRON heart NOUN to PART despair VERB concerning VERB all DET the DET labour NOUN wherein ADV I PRON had AUX laboured VERB under ADP the DET sun. NOUN ( PUNCT Writings NOUN ECC.2.20 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Therefore therefore ADV _ 3 turned advmod 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 turned nsubj 3 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 about about ADP _ 3 turned compound:prt 5 to to PART _ 6 cause mark 6 cause cause VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 turned xcomp 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 heart nmod:poss 8 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 6 cause obj 9 to to PART _ 10 despair mark 10 despair despair VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 cause xcomp 11 concerning concern VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 labour case 12 all all DET PronType=Tot 14 labour det:predet 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 labour det 14 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 10 despair obl 15 wherein wherein ADV PronType=Int 18 laboured advmod 16 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 18 laboured nsubj 17 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 laboured aux 18 laboured labour VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 14 labour acl:relcl 19 under under ADP _ 21 sun. case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 sun. det 21 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 18 laboured obl 22 ( ( PUNCT _ 23 Writings punct 23 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur 21 sun. conj 24 ECC.2.20 ECC.2.20 PROPN Number=Sing 23 Writings appos 25 , , PUNCT _ 26 JPS punct 26 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 24 ECC.2.20 flat 27 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 24 ECC.2.20 flat 28 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn about past I therefore property tree rules 2 cause to-infinitive I not said here my heart tree rules 3 despair to-infinitive my heart not said here concern all labour vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 concern gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 5 labour past · perfect I the sun. and Writings wherein property vn work-73.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Toad lay in his dungeon in despair.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl case obl punct root Toad PROPN lay VERB in ADP his PRON dungeon NOUN in ADP despair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toad Toad PROPN Number=Sing 2 lay nsubj 2 lay lie VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 dungeon case 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 dungeon nmod:poss 5 dungeon dungeon NOUN Number=Sing 2 lay obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 despair case 7 despair despair NOUN Number=Sing 2 lay obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 lay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie past Toad Toad's dungeon in despair vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in dungeon=Location
Example 4 Don't despair — you can try again tomorrow.
aux advmod punct nsubj aux conj advmod obl:unmarked punct root Do AUX n't PART despair VERB — PUNCT you PRON can AUX try VERB again ADV tomorrow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 despair aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 despair advmod 3 despair despair VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 — - PUNCT _ 7 try punct 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 try nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 try aux 7 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 despair conj 8 again again ADV _ 7 try advmod 9 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN Number=Sing 7 try obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 despair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not despair imperative · do-support you not said here vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 try can you again; tomorrow vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 She shook her head in despair at the mess.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl case det obl punct root She PRON shook VERB her PRON head NOUN in ADP despair NOUN at ADP the DET mess NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 shook nsubj 2 shook shake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 head nmod:poss 4 head head NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 despair case 6 despair despair NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook obl 7 at at ADP _ 9 mess case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 mess det 9 mess mess NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 shook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shake past She her head despair at the mess vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent head=Theme in despair=Trajectory
Example 6 The teacher despaired of ever getting the class quiet.
det nsubj mark advmod advcl det obj xcomp punct root The DET teacher NOUN despaired VERB of SCONJ ever ADV getting VERB the DET class NOUN quiet ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 despaired nsubj 3 despaired despair VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 of of SCONJ _ 6 getting mark 5 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 6 getting advmod 6 getting get VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 despaired advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 class det 8 class class NOUN Number=Sing 6 getting obj 9 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 6 getting xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 despaired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 despair past the teacher vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 get gerund the teacher not said here the class ever quiet property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer class=Stimulus
Example 7 After the storm, the farmers were in despair.
case det obl punct det nsubj cop case punct root After ADP the DET storm NOUN , PUNCT the DET farmers NOUN were AUX in ADP despair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 storm case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 storm det 3 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 9 despair obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 storm punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 farmers det 6 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 9 despair nsubj 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 despair cop 8 in in ADP _ 9 despair case 9 despair despair NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 despair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the farmers despair after the storm tree rules
Example 8 His messy room is the despair of his mum.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop det case nmod:poss nmod punct root His PRON messy ADJ room NOUN is AUX the DET despair NOUN of ADP his PRON mum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 room nmod:poss 2 messy messy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 room amod 3 room room NOUN Number=Sing 6 despair nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 despair cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 despair det 6 despair despair NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 mum case 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 mum nmod:poss 9 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 6 despair nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 despair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present His messy room the despair of his mum tree rules
Example 9 I do not despair of the future.
nsubj aux advmod case det nmod punct root I PRON do AUX not PART despair NOUN of ADP the DET future NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 despair nsubj 2 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 despair aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 despair advmod 4 despair despair NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 future case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 future det 7 future future NOUN Number=Sing 4 despair nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 despair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 despair the future nom despair «state intransitive»: of=agent
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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