dung

Who acts: Dung, plants, skin, heifer, flesh, they · What happens: be, use, help, grow, dry, burn · To what, where: solid waste, Dung, farms, plants, places, heifer · Speech: someone speaks here

«dung» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dung in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Dung is the solid waste, or poo, of animals, especially large animals like cows, horses and elephants.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 waste	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 waste	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 waste	det
4	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 waste	amod
5	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 poo	punct
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 poo	cc
8	poo	poo	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 waste	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 animals	punct
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 animals	case
11	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 waste	parataxis
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 animals	punct
13	especially	especially	ADV	_	15 animals	advmod
14	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 animals	amod
15	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 animals	nmod
16	like	like	ADP	_	17 cows	case
17	cows	cow	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 animals	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 horses	punct
19	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 cows	conj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 elephants	cc
21	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 cows	conj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 waste	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Dung	the solid waste or poo					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Dung is used on farms as manure to help plants grow, and in some places it is dried and burned as fuel.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 used	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 used	aux:pass
3	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 farms	case
5	farms	farm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 used	obl
6	as	as	ADP	_	7 manure	case
7	manure	manure	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 farms	nmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 help	mark
9	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 used	advcl
10	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 help	obj
11	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 help	xcomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 dried	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 dried	cc
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 places	case
15	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	16 places	det
16	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 dried	obl
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 dried	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 dried	aux:pass
19	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 used	conj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 burned	cc
21	burned	burn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 dried	conj
22	as	as	ADP	_	23 fuel	case
23	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 burned	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	use	present · passive		Dung	farms as manure		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	help	to-infinitive		plants			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent plant=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	grow	infinitive	plants not said here				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	dry	present · passive		Dung	some places		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result
5	burn	participle				as fuel	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 1

But the skin of the bullock, and all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, and its inwards, and its dung, (Torah LEV.4.11, JPS 1917)

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	3 skin	cc
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 skin	det
3	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 bullock	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bullock	det
6	bullock	bullock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 skin	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 flesh	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 flesh	cc
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 flesh	det:predet
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 flesh	nmod:poss
11	flesh	flesh	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 skin	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 head	punct
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 head	case
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 head	nmod:poss
15	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 skin	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 legs	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 legs	cc
18	with	with	ADP	_	20 legs	case
19	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 legs	nmod:poss
20	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 skin	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 1917	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 its	cc
23	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 1917	nmod:poss
24	inwards	inwards	ADV	_	23 its	advmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 1917	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 1917	cc
27	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 dung	nmod:poss
28	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 1917	nsubj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 LEV.4.11	punct
30	(	(	PUNCT	_	32 LEV.4.11	punct
31	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 LEV.4.11	compound
32	LEV.4.11	LEV.4.11	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 dung	appos
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 JPS	punct
34	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 LEV.4.11	flat
35	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 skin	appos
36	)	)	PUNCT	_	35 1917	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

And the heifer shall be burnt in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall be burnt. (Torah NUM.19.5, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And the heifer shall be burnt in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall be burnt.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	6 burnt	cc
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 heifer	det
3	heifer	heifer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 burnt	nsubj:pass
4	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 burnt	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 burnt	aux:pass
6	burnt	burnt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 sight	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 sight	nmod:poss
9	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 burnt	obl
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 skin	punct
11	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 skin	nmod:poss
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 burnt	parataxis
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 flesh	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 flesh	cc
15	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 flesh	nmod:poss
16	flesh	flesh	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 skin	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 burnt	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 burnt	cc
19	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 blood	nmod:poss
20	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 burnt	nsubj:pass
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 dung	punct
22	with	with	ADP	_	24 dung	case
23	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 dung	nmod:poss
24	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 blood	appos
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 blood	punct
26	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 burnt	aux
27	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	28 burnt	aux:pass
28	burnt	burnt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 skin	acl:relcl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 burnt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	burnt	shall · passive		the heifer	heifer's sight	tree rules
2	burnt	shall · passive	her skin and her flesh not said here	her blood		tree rules
3	sight		heifer			nom sight «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Sentence 2: (Torah NUM.19.5, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 NUM.19.5	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 NUM.19.5	compound
3	NUM.19.5	NUM.19.5	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 NUM.19.5	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 NUM.19.5	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

But the flesh of the bullock, and its skin, and its dung, shalt thou burn with fire without the camp; it is a sin-offering. (Torah EXO.29.14, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: But the flesh of the bullock, and its skin, and its dung, shalt thou burn with fire without the camp; it is a sin-offering.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	18 burn	cc
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 flesh	det
3	flesh	flesh	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 burn	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 bullock	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bullock	det
6	bullock	bullock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flesh	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 burn	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 burn	cc
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 skin	nmod:poss
10	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 burn	nsubj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 dung	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 dung	cc
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 dung	nmod:poss
14	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 skin	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 skin	punct
16	shalt	shall	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	18 burn	aux
17	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	18 burn	nsubj
18	burn	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
19	with	with	ADP	_	20 fire	case
20	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 burn	obl
21	without	without	ADP	_	23 camp	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 camp	det
23	camp	camp	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 burn	obl
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 offering	punct
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 offering	nsubj
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 offering	cop
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 offering	det
28	sin	sin	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 offering	compound
29	-	-	PUNCT	_	28 sin	punct
30	offering	offering	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 burn	parataxis
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	18 burn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	burn	shall	the flesh of the bullock					with fire; without the camp	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fire=Theme
2	is a	present	flesh	a sin offering					tree rules

Sentence 2: (Torah EXO.29.14, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 EXO.29.14	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 EXO.29.14	compound
3	EXO.29.14	EXO.29.14	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 EXO.29.14	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 EXO.29.14	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

Who were destroyed at En-dor; they became as dung for the earth. (Writings PSA.83.11, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Who were destroyed at En-dor; they became as dung for the earth.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 destroyed	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 destroyed	aux:pass
3	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 dor	case
5	En	En	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 dor	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 En	punct
7	dor	dor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 destroyed	obl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 became	punct
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 became	nsubj
10	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 destroyed	parataxis
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 dung	case
12	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 became	obl
13	for	for	ADP	_	15 earth	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 earth	det
15	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dung	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 destroyed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	past · passive				En dor			vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	become	past	they					as dung for the earth	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.83.11, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.83.11	PSA.83.11	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.83.11	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.83.11	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 5

And I will cast detestable things upon thee, and make thee vile, and will make thee as dung. (Prophets NAM.3.6, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And I will cast detestable things upon thee, and make thee vile, and will make thee as dung.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	4 cast	cc
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 cast	nsubj
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 cast	aux
4	cast	cast	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	detestable	detestable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 things	amod
6	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cast	obj
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 thee	case
8	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	4 cast	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 make	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 make	cc
11	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 cast	conj
12	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	11 make	obj
13	vile	vile	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 make	xcomp
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 make	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 make	cc
16	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 make	aux
17	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 make	conj
18	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	17 make	obj
19	as	as	ADP	_	20 dung	case
20	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 make	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 cast	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cast	future	I	detestable things	thee		vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent thing=Theme upon thou=Destination
2	make	infinitive	I not said here	thee		vile property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thou=Product
3	make	future	I not said here	thee		as dung	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thou=Product

Sentence 2: (Prophets NAM.3.6, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	NAM.3.6	NAM.3.6	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 NAM.3.6	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 NAM.3.6	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 6

Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung; they that have seen him shall say: 'Where is he?' (Writings JOB.20.7, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung; they that have seen him shall say: 'Where is he?'

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yet	yet	CCONJ	_	4 perish	cc
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 perish	nsubj
3	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 perish	aux
4	perish	perish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 ever	case
6	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 perish	obl
7	like	like	ADP	_	10 dung	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 dung	nmod:poss
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 dung	amod
10	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 perish	obl
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 seen	punct
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 seen	nsubj
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 seen	nsubj
14	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 seen	aux
15	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 say	advcl
16	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 seen	obj
17	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 say	aux
18	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 perish	parataxis
19	:	:	PUNCT	_	21 Where	punct
20	'	'	PUNCT	_	21 Where	punct
21	Where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	18 say	ccomp
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 Where	cop
23	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 Where	nsubj
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 perish	punct
25	'	'	PUNCT	_	4 perish	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	perish	shall	he		like his own dung	vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	see	present · perfect	they	him = he		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus
3	say speech: assert	shall				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	he		where property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Writings JOB.20.7, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JOB.20.7	JOB.20.7	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JOB.20.7	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JOB.20.7	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 7

The dung beetle rolled a ball of dung across the sand.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 beetle	det
2	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 beetle	compound
3	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rolled	nsubj
4	rolled	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ball	det
6	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rolled	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 dung	case
8	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ball	nmod
9	across	across	ADP	_	11 sand	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sand	det
11	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rolled	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 rolled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	past	the dung beetle	a ball of dung		the sand			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent ball=Theme across sand=Trajectory

Example 8

Farmers spread cow dung on the fields to help crops grow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spread	nsubj
2	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	cow	cow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dung	compound
4	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spread	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 fields	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 fields	det
7	fields	field	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spread	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 help	mark
9	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 spread	advcl
10	crops	crop	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 help	obj
11	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 help	xcomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spread	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	spread	present	Farmers	cow dung	the fields	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent dung=Theme on field=Destination
2	help	to-infinitive	Farmers not said here	crops		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent crop=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	grow	infinitive	crops not said here			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 9

Elephant dung is full of seeds.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dung	compound
2	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 full	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 full	cop
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 seeds	case
6	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 full	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 full	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Elephant dung					of seeds; full property	tree rules

Example 10

In some villages dried dung is used as fuel.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 villages	case
2	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	3 villages	det
3	villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 used	obl
4	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 dung	amod
5	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 used	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 used	aux:pass
7	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	as	as	ADP	_	9 fuel	case
9	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 used	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	use	present · passive		dried dung		some villages		as fuel	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as fuel=Attribute

Example 11

The smell of horse dung filled the stable.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 smell	det
2	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 filled	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 dung	case
4	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dung	compound
5	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smell	nmod
6	filled	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 stable	det
8	stable	stable	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 filled	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 filled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	past	the smell of horse dung	the stable					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stable=Patient
2	smell		horse dung						nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Example 12

Scientists study dung to find out what animals eat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 study	nsubj
2	study	study	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 study	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 find	mark
5	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 study	advcl
6	out	out	ADP	_	5 find	compound:prt
7	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	9 eat	obj
8	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 eat	nsubj
9	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 find	ccomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 study	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	study	present	Scientists	dung	vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dung=Topic
2	find out	to-infinitive	Scientists not said here		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	eat	present	animals		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient

Example 13

Watch out for the cow dung in the field!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Watch	watch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	out	out	ADP	_	1 Watch	compound:prt
3	for	for	ADP	_	6 dung	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dung	det
5	cow	cow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 dung	compound
6	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Watch	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 field	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 field	det
9	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Watch	obl
10	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Watch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	watch out	imperative	you not said here			the field		for the cow dung	vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for dung=Theme in field=Location

Example 14

"Perhaps you came from a dung-heap," observed the oldest of them.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 came	punct
2	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	4 came	advmod
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 came	nsubj
4	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	9 heap	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 heap	det
7	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 heap	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 dung	punct
9	heap	heap	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 came	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 observed	punct
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 observed	punct
12	observed	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 came	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 oldest	det
14	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 observed	ccomp
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 them	case
16	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 oldest	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 came	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come in a quote	past	you			a dung heap		perhaps property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from heap=Initial_Location
2	observe	past	you not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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