firmament

Who acts: firmament, God, you, them, earth, heavens · What happens: be, call, set, give, let, declare · To what, where: sky, firmament, them, light, glory, handiwork · Speech: someone speaks here

«firmament» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: firmament in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

The firmament is the sky, especially the sky full of stars and heavenly things.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 firmament	det
2	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sky	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sky	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sky	det
5	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 sky	punct
7	especially	especially	ADV	_	9 sky	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sky	det
9	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sky	conj
10	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 sky	amod
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 stars	case
12	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 full	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 things	cc
14	heavenly	heavenly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 things	amod
15	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 stars	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 sky	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the firmament	the sky and the sky					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

And God called the firmament Heaven. (Torah GEN.1.8, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And God called the firmament Heaven.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 called	cc
2	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 called	nsubj
3	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 firmament	det
5	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 called	obj
6	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 firmament	appos
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	past	God	the firmament					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent firmament=Recipient

Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.1.8, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.1.8	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.1.8	compound
3	GEN.1.8	GEN.1.8	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.1.8	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.1.8	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, (Torah GEN.1.17, JPS 1917)

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 set	cc
2	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 set	nsubj
3	set	set	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 set	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 firmament	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 firmament	det
7	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 set	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 heaven	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 heaven	det
10	heaven	heaven	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 firmament	nmod
11	to	to	PART	_	12 give	mark
12	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 set	advcl
13	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 give	obj
14	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 earth	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 earth	det
16	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 give	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 GEN.1.17	punct
18	(	(	PUNCT	_	20 GEN.1.17	punct
19	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 GEN.1.17	compound
20	GEN.1.17	GEN.1.17	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 set	parataxis
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 1917	punct
22	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 1917	nmod:unmarked
23	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 GEN.1.17	appos
24	)	)	PUNCT	_	23 1917	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	set	past	God	them = they		the firmament of the heaven			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in firmament=Destination
2	give	to-infinitive	God not said here	light				upon the earth	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme

Example 3

and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.' And it was so. (Torah GEN.1.15, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.'

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	and	and	CCONJ	_	2 let	cc
2	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 let	obj
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 lights	cop
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 lights	case
6	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 let	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 firmament	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 firmament	det
9	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lights	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 heaven	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 heaven	det
12	heaven	heaven	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 firmament	nmod
13	to	to	PART	_	14 give	mark
14	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 let	xcomp
15	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 give	obj
16	upon	upon	ADP	_	18 earth	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 earth	det
18	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 give	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 let	punct
20	'	'	PUNCT	_	2 let	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	let	imperative	you not said here	them = they			tree rules
2	is	infinitive			the firmament of the heaven	for lights	tree rules
3	give	to-infinitive	them = they not said here	light		upon the earth	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme

Sentence 2: And it was so.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 was	cc
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 was	nsubj
3	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	so	so	ADV	_	3 was	advmod
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 was	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	past	earth						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 3: (Torah GEN.1.15, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.1.15	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.1.15	compound
3	GEN.1.15	GEN.1.15	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.1.15	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.1.15	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His handiwork; (Writings PSA.19.2, JPS 1917)

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 heavens	det
2	heavens	heaven	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 declare	nsubj
3	declare	declare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 glory	det
5	glory	glory	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 declare	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 God	case
7	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 glory	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 showeth	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 showeth	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 firmament	det
11	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 showeth	nsubj
12	showeth	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 declare	conj
13	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 handiwork	nmod:poss
14	handiwork	handiwork	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 showeth	obj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 PSA.19.2	punct
16	(	(	PUNCT	_	17 Writings	punct
17	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 PSA.19.2	compound
18	PSA.19.2	PSA.19.2	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 declare	parataxis
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 JPS	punct
20	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 PSA.19.2	appos
21	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 JPS	flat
22	)	)	PUNCT	_	20 JPS	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	declare speech: other	present	the heavens	the glory of God	vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glory=Attribute
2	show	present	the firmament	firmament's handiwork	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent handiwork=Recipient
3	glory		God		nom glory «state intransitive»: of=agent

Example 5

Praise God in His sanctuary; praise Him in the firmament of His power. (Writings PSA.150.1, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Praise God in His sanctuary; praise Him in the firmament of His power.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Praise	praise	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sanctuary	nsubj
2	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 sanctuary	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 sanctuary	case
4	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 sanctuary	nmod:poss
5	sanctuary	sanctuary	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 praise	punct
7	praise	praise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 sanctuary	conj
8	Him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 praise	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 firmament	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 firmament	det
11	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 praise	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 power	case
13	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 power	nmod:poss
14	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 firmament	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 sanctuary	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	praise	infinitive		God		the firmament of God's power			vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.150.1, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.150.1	PSA.150.1	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.150.1	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.150.1	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 6

For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads, as they stood, they let down their wings. (Prophets EZK.1.25, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads, as they stood, they let down their wings.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	For	for	SCONJ	_	5 was	mark
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 was	punct
3	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 was	advmod
4	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	5 was	expl
5	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 stood	parataxis
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 voice	det
7	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 was	nsubj
8	above	above	ADP	_	10 firmament	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 firmament	det
10	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 voice	nmod
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 heads	nsubj
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 heads	cop
13	over	over	ADP	_	15 heads	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 heads	nmod:poss
15	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 firmament	acl:relcl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 stood	punct
17	as	as	SCONJ	_	19 stood	mark
18	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 stood	nsubj
19	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 let	punct
21	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 let	nsubj
22	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 stood	ccomp
23	down	down	ADP	_	22 let	compound:prt
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 wings	nmod:poss
25	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 let	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	19 stood	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	be	past	a voice above the firmament		there	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	past	the firmament		their heads	tree rules
3	stand	past	heads = head			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	let down	present	heads = head	heads's wings		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Theme

Sentence 2: (Prophets EZK.1.25, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	EZK.1.25	EZK.1.25	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 EZK.1.25	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 EZK.1.25	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 7

A falling star shone in the dark firmament.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 star	det
2	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 star	amod
3	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	shone	shine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 star	acl
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 firmament	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 firmament	det
7	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 firmament	amod
8	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shone	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 star	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	gerund							vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	shine	participle		a falling star not said here		the dark firmament			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in firmament=Location

Example 8

The whole firmament was ablaze with northern lights.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 firmament	det
2	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 firmament	amod
3	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ablaze	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 ablaze	cop
5	ablaze	ablaze	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 lights	case
7	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 lights	amod
8	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ablaze	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 ablaze	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the whole firmament					with northern lights; ablaze property	tree rules

Example 9

Stars filled the firmament above the hills.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 filled	nsubj
2	filled	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 firmament	det
4	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 filled	obj
5	above	above	ADP	_	7 hills	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 hills	det
7	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 filled	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 filled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	past	Stars	the firmament		the hills			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent firmament=Patient

Example 10

The bird flew high into the firmament.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bird	det
2	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flew	nsubj
3	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	high	high	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 flew	advmod
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 firmament	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 firmament	det
7	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flew	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 flew	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	past	the bird					into the firmament result; high property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into firmament=Result

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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