gulf

Who acts: land, deep hole, inward part, throat, gulf, Gulf Stream · What happens: surround, open, be, carry, say, do · To what, where: large area, ground, yawning gulf, open sepulchre, north, warm water · Speech: someone speaks here

«gulf» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gulf in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A large area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, bigger than a bay (the Gulf of Mexico).

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 area	det
2	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 area	amod
3	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 sea	case
5	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 area	nmod
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 surrounded	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 surrounded	aux:pass
8	partly	partly	ADV	_	9 surrounded	advmod
9	surrounded	surround	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 area	acl:relcl
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 land	case
11	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 surrounded	obl:agent
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 bigger	punct
13	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 area	amod
14	than	than	ADP	_	16 bay	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 bay	det
16	bay	bay	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 bigger	obl
17	(	(	PUNCT	_	19 Gulf	punct
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Gulf	det
19	Gulf	Gulf	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 bay	appos
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 Mexico	case
21	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 Gulf	nmod
22	)	)	PUNCT	_	19 Gulf	punct
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 area	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	surround	present · passive	land	a large area of sea				partly property	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A big difference or gap between people, groups or ideas (a gulf between rich and poor).

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 difference	det
2	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 difference	amod
3	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 gap	cc
5	gap	gap	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 difference	conj
6	between	between	ADP	_	7 people	case
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 gap	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 groups	punct
9	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 people	conj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 ideas	cc
11	ideas	idea	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 people	conj
12	(	(	PUNCT	_	14 gulf	punct
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 gulf	det
14	gulf	gulf	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 difference	appos
15	between	between	ADP	_	16 rich	case
16	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 gulf	nmod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 poor	cc
18	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 rich	conj
19	)	)	PUNCT	_	14 gulf	punct
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 difference	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

A deep hole or opening in the ground (old or literary).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 hole	det
2	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hole	amod
3	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 opening	cc
5	opening	open	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 hole	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 ground	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ground	det
8	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 opening	obl
9	(	(	PUNCT	_	10 old	punct
10	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hole	amod
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 literary	cc
12	literary	literary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 old	conj
13	)	)	PUNCT	_	10 old	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hole	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	open	gerund	a deep hole not said here			the ground			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ground=Location

Example 1

For there is no sincerity in their mouth; their inward part is a yawning gulf, their throat is an open sepulchre; they make smooth their tongue. (Writings PSA.5.10, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: For there is no sincerity in their mouth; their inward part is a yawning gulf, their throat is an open sepulchre; they make smooth their tongue.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	For	for	ADP	_	3 is	case
2	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	3 is	expl
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 make	cop
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 sincerity	det
5	sincerity	sincerity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 is	nsubj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 mouth	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 mouth	nmod:poss
8	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sincerity	nmod
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 gulf	punct
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 part	nmod:poss
11	inward	inward	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 part	amod
12	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 gulf	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 gulf	cop
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 gulf	det
15	yawning	yawning	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 gulf	compound
16	gulf	gulf	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 is	parataxis
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 sepulchre	punct
18	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 throat	nmod:poss
19	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 sepulchre	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 sepulchre	cop
21	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 sepulchre	det
22	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 sepulchre	amod
23	sepulchre	sepulchre	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 gulf	conj
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 make	punct
25	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 make	nsubj
26	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
27	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 make	xcomp
28	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 tongue	nmod:poss
29	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 make	obj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	26 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	their inward part	a yawning gulf and a open sepulchre		tree rules
2	is a	present	gulf's throat	a open sepulchre		tree rules
3	is	present	gulf		make, smooth property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.5.10, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.5.10	PSA.5.10	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.5.10	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.5.10	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

The Gulf of Mexico is south of the USA.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Gulf	det
2	Gulf	Gulf	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 USA	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Mexico	case
4	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Gulf	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 USA	cop
6	south	south	ADV	_	9 USA	advmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 USA	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 USA	det
9	USA	USA	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 USA	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the Gulf of Mexico					of the USA; south property	tree rules

Example 3

A gulf is like a very big bay.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 gulf	det
2	gulf	gulf	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bay	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 bay	cop
4	like	like	ADP	_	8 bay	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bay	det
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 big	advmod
7	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 bay	amod
8	bay	bay	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 bay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a gulf					like a big bay	tree rules

Example 4

The Gulf of Carpentaria is in the north of Australia.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Gulf	det
2	Gulf	Gulf	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 north	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Carpentaria	case
4	Carpentaria	Carpentaria	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Gulf	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 north	cop
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 north	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 north	det
8	north	north	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 Australia	case
10	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 north	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 north	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the Gulf of Carpentaria			the north		of Australia	tree rules

Example 5

The Gulf Stream carries warm water across the Atlantic.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Stream	det
2	Gulf	Gulf	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Stream	compound
3	Stream	Stream	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 carries	nsubj
4	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 water	amod
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carries	obj
7	across	across	ADP	_	9 Atlantic	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Atlantic	det
9	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 carries	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 carries	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	the Gulf Stream	warm water		the Atlantic			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme

Example 6

There was a huge gulf between what he said and what he did.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 was	expl
2	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gulf	det
4	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 gulf	amod
5	gulf	gulf	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 was	nsubj
6	between	between	ADP	_	7 what	case
7	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 gulf	nmod
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 said	nsubj
9	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 what	acl:relcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 what	cc
11	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	9 said	ccomp
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 did	nsubj
13	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 what	acl:relcl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 was	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	be	past	a huge gulf	there	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	say speech: assert	past	gulf		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	do	past	gulf		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 7

Hurricanes often form over the warm Gulf waters.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hurricanes	hurricane	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 form	nsubj
2	often	often	ADV	_	3 form	advmod
3	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	over	over	ADP	_	8 waters	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 waters	det
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 waters	amod
7	Gulf	Gulf	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 waters	compound
8	waters	water	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 form	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 form	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	Hurricanes			the warm Gulf waters		often property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over water=Location

Example 8

The Lion was about to reply when suddenly they came to another gulf across the road.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Lion	det
2	Lion	Lion	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 about	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 about	cop
4	about	about	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 reply	mark
6	reply	reply	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 about	xcomp
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 came	advmod
8	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	10 came	advmod
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 came	nsubj
10	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 reply	advcl
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 gulf	case
12	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	13 gulf	det
13	gulf	gulf	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 came	obl
14	across	across	ADP	_	16 road	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 road	det
16	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 came	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 about	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	past	the Lion		about property	tree rules
2	reply speech: assert	to-infinitive	the Lion not said here			vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	come	past	they	the road	to another gulf; suddenly property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to gulf=Initial_Location across road=Destination

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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