oft

Who acts: Oft, they, it, he, calamity, We · What happens: mean, use, sound, rebel, grieve, be · To what, where: Oft, poems, wilderness, Him, desert, bread

«oft» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: oft in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

Oft means often, many times.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Oft	oft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	often	often	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 times	punct
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 times	amod
6	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 means	obl:unmarked
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Oft				time	often property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Oft is used in poems and fairy tales to sound old-fashioned.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Oft	Oft	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 used	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 used	aux:pass
3	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 poems	case
5	poems	poem	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 used	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 tales	cc
7	fairy	fairy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 tales	compound
8	tales	tale	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 poems	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 sound	mark
10	sound	sound	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 used	advcl
11	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 fashioned	amod
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 old	punct
13	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 sound	xcomp
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · passive		Oft		poems and fairy tales			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	sound	to-infinitive						fashioned property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Example 1

How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him in the desert! (Writings PSA.78.40, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him in the desert!

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	2 oft	advmod
2	oft	oft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rebel	advmod
3	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 rebel	aux
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 rebel	nsubj
5	rebel	rebel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	against	against	ADP	_	7 Him	case
7	Him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 rebel	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 wilderness	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wilderness	det
10	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rebel	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 grieve	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 grieve	cc
13	grieve	grieve	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 rebel	conj
14	Him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 grieve	obj
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 desert	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 desert	det
17	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 grieve	obl
18	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 rebel	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rebel	past · do-support	they			the wilderness		against Him = he	vn rebel-71.2-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against he=Maleficiary
2	grieve	infinitive	they not said here	Him = he		the desert			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.78.40, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.78.40	PSA.78.40	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.78.40	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.78.40	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

And so it was, that as oft as he passed by, he turned in thither to eat bread. (Prophets 2KI.4.8, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And so it was, that as oft as he passed by, he turned in thither to eat bread.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	8 oft	cc
2	so	so	ADV	_	8 oft	advmod
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 oft	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 oft	cop
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 oft	punct
6	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 oft	nsubj
7	as	as	ADV	_	8 oft	advmod
8	oft	oft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 passed	mark
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 passed	nsubj
11	passed	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 turned	advcl
12	by	by	ADP	_	11 passed	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 passed	punct
14	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 turned	nsubj
15	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 oft	parataxis
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 thither	case
17	thither	thither	ADV	_	15 turned	obl
18	to	to	PART	_	19 eat	mark
19	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 turned	xcomp
20	bread	bread	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 eat	obj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 oft	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	it		oft property	tree rules
2	pass by	past	he			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	turn	past	he			tree rules
4	eat	to-infinitive	he not said here	bread		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient

Sentence 2: (Prophets 2KI.4.8, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	2KI.4.8	2KI.4.8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Prophets	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 1917	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 1917	nmod:unmarked
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 2KI.4.8	conj
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

How oft is it that the lamp of the wicked is put out? that their calamity cometh upon them? that He distributeth pains in His anger? (Writings JOB.21.17, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: How oft is it that the lamp of the wicked is put out? that their calamity cometh upon them? that He distributeth pains in His anger?

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	2 oft	advmod
2	oft	oft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 put	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 oft	cop
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 oft	nsubj
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 put	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 lamp	det
7	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 put	nsubj:pass
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 wicked	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wicked	det
10	wicked	wicked	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lamp	nmod
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 put	aux:pass
12	put	put	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
13	out	out	ADP	_	12 put	compound:prt
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 put	punct
15	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 cometh	mark
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 calamity	nmod:poss
17	calamity	calamity	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 cometh	nsubj
18	cometh	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 put	advcl
19	upon	upon	ADP	_	20 them	case
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 cometh	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	18 cometh	punct
22	that	that	SCONJ	_	24 distributeth	mark
23	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 distributeth	nsubj
24	distributeth	distribute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 cometh	advcl
25	pains	pain	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 distributeth	obj
26	in	in	ADP	_	28 anger	case
27	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 anger	nmod:poss
28	anger	anger	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 distributeth	obl
29	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	it			oft property	tree rules
2	put out	present · passive		oft			vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal
3	come	present	their calamity			upon them = they	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Location
4	distribute	present	calamity	pains	calamity's anger		vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent pain=Theme
5	anger		calamity				nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent

Sentence 2: (Writings JOB.21.17, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JOB.21.17	JOB.21.17	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JOB.21.17	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JOB.21.17	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

Oft asked I for this boon.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Oft	Oft	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 asked	nsubj
2	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 asked	nsubj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 boon	case
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 boon	det
6	boon	boon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 asked	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 asked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	past	Oft					for this boon	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 5

The kittens oft gripped at the spindle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 kittens	det
2	kittens	kitten	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 gripped	nsubj:pass
3	oft	oft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gripped	amod
4	gripped	grip	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 spindle	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 spindle	det
7	spindle	spindle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gripped	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 gripped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grip	participle · passive		the kittens		the spindle			vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer

Example 6

We oft went to the river in summer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 went	nsubj
2	oft	oft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 went	nsubj
3	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 river	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 river	det
6	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 went	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 summer	case
8	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 went	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	We			the river	summer		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to river=Initial_Location

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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