sackcloth

Who acts: Jacob, David, I, beggar · What happens: make, wear, show, rend, put, mourn · To what, where: rough coarse cloth, sacking, sadness, garments, sackcloth, loins

«sackcloth» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sackcloth in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A rough, coarse cloth made from sacking, once worn to show sadness or sorrow.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cloth	det
2	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cloth	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 rough	punct
4	coarse	coarse	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cloth	amod
5	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 cloth	acl
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 sacking	case
8	sacking	sacking	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 made	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 worn	punct
10	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	11 worn	advmod
11	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 sacking	acl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 show	mark
13	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 worn	advcl
14	sadness	sadness	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 show	obj
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 sorrow	cc
16	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sadness	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 cloth	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	participle	a rough coarse cloth not said here	sacking		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from sacking=Material
2	wear	participle	sacking not said here		once property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
3	show	to-infinitive	sadness or sorrow			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sadness=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

And Jacob rent his garments, and put sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days. (Torah GEN.37.34, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And Jacob rent his garments, and put sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 rent	cc
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 rent	nsubj
3	rent	rend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 garments	nmod:poss
5	garments	garment	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 rent	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 put	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 put	cc
8	put	put	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 rent	conj
9	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 put	obj
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 loins	case
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 loins	nmod:poss
12	loins	loin	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 put	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 mourned	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 mourned	cc
15	mourned	mourn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 rent	conj
16	for	for	ADP	_	18 son	case
17	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 son	nmod:poss
18	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 mourned	obl
19	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 days	amod
20	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 mourned	obl:unmarked
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 rent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rend	past	Jacob	Jacob's garments				vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garment=Patient
2	put	infinitive	Jacob not said here	sackcloth	Jacob's loins			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent sackcloth=Theme upon loin=Destination
3	mourn	past	Jacob not said here			day	for Jacob's son	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for son=Attribute

Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.37.34, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.37.34	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.37.34	compound
3	GEN.37.34	GEN.37.34	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.37.34	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.37.34	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces. (Writings 1CH.21.16, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 David	advmod
2	David	David	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 fell	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 elders	cc
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 elders	det
5	elders	elder	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 David	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 clothed	punct
7	clothed	clothe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 David	acl:relcl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 sackcloth	case
9	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 clothed	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 David	punct
11	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 faces	case
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 faces	nmod:poss
14	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 fell	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 fell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clothe	participle		David and the elders not said here				in sackcloth	vn dress-41.1.1-1-2 «Passive»: agent=Pivot in sackcloth=Theme
2	fall	past	David and the elders			David's faces			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon face=Location

Sentence 2: (Writings 1CH.21.16, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	1CH.21.16	1CH.21.16	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Writings	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 1917	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 1917	nmod:unmarked
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 1CH.21.16	conj
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering. (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 clothe	nsubj
2	clothe	clothe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 heavens	det
4	heavens	heaven	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 clothe	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 blackness	case
6	blackness	blackness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 clothe	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 make	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 make	cc
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 make	nsubj
10	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 clothe	conj
11	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 make	obj
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 covering	nmod:poss
13	covering	covering	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 make	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 clothe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clothe	present	I	the heavens				with blackness	vn dress-41.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heaven=Patient
2	make	present	I	sackcloth					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset sackcloth=Beneficiary covering=Product

Sentence 2: (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	ISA.50.3	ISA.50.3	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ISA.50.3	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 ISA.50.3	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

I made sackcloth also my garment, and I became a byword unto them. (Writings PSA.69.12, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: I made sackcloth also my garment, and I became a byword unto them.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 made	nsubj
2	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obj
4	also	also	ADV	_	6 garment	advmod
5	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 garment	nmod:poss
6	garment	garment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 became	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 became	cc
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 became	nsubj
10	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 made	conj
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 byword	det
12	byword	byword	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 became	xcomp
13	unto	unto	ADP	_	14 them	case
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 became	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	I	sackcloth				my garment obl	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sackcloth=Product
2	become	past	I	a byword				unto them = they	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.69.12, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.69.12	PSA.69.12	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.69.12	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.69.12	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 5

She had been dressed in a garment of sackcloth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 dressed	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 dressed	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 dressed	aux:pass
4	dressed	dress	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 garment	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 garment	det
7	garment	garment	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dressed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 sackcloth	case
9	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 garment	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 dressed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dress	past · perfect · passive		She		a garment of sackcloth			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Example 6

The beggar wore sackcloth and ashes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 beggar	det
2	beggar	beggar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wore	nsubj
3	wore	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wore	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 ashes	cc
6	ashes	ash	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sackcloth	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 wore	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	past	the beggar	sackcloth and ashes					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent sackcloth=Source

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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