testify

Who acts: you, scars, Whoso, person, one witness, he · What happens: testify, be, know, see, prove, kill · To what, where: court, something, fight, person, murderer, mouth · Speech: someone speaks here

«testify» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: testify in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

To testify is to tell what you know or saw, especially in a court and on oath.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 testify	mark
2	testify	testify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 tell	csubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tell	cop
4	to	to	PART	_	5 tell	mark
5	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	8 know	obj
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 know	nsubj
8	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tell	ccomp
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 saw	cc
10	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 know	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 court	punct
12	especially	especially	ADV	_	15 court	advmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 court	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 court	det
15	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 saw	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 oath	cc
17	on	on	ADP	_	18 oath	case
18	oath	oath	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 court	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	testify speech: other	to-infinitive				vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	be speech: assert	present			tell property	tree rules
3	know	present	you			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus
4	see	past	you not said here	a court and oath		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To testify is to show or prove something: the scars testify to the fight.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 testify	mark
2	testify	testify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 show	csubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 show	cop
4	to	to	PART	_	5 show	mark
5	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 prove	cc
7	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 show	conj
8	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 prove	obj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 testify	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 scars	det
11	scars	scar	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 testify	nsubj
12	testify	testify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 show	parataxis
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 fight	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 fight	det
15	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 testify	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	testify speech: other	to-infinitive					vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present				show property	tree rules
3	prove	infinitive		something			vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme
4	testify speech: other	present	the scars		the fight		vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent to fight=Recipient

Example 1

Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be slain at the mouth of witnesses; but one witness shall not testify against any person that he die. (Torah NUM.35.30, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be slain at the mouth of witnesses; but one witness shall not testify against any person that he die.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whoso	whoso	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 killeth	nsubj
2	killeth	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 person	det
4	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 killeth	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 slain	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 murderer	det
7	murderer	murderer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 slain	nsubj:pass
8	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 slain	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 slain	aux:pass
10	slain	slay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 person	acl:relcl
11	at	at	ADP	_	13 mouth	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 mouth	det
13	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 slain	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 witnesses	case
15	witnesses	witness	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 mouth	nmod
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 testify	punct
17	but	but	CCONJ	_	22 testify	cc
18	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 witness	nummod
19	witness	witness	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 testify	nsubj
20	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 testify	aux
21	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	22 testify	advmod
22	testify	testify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 killeth	parataxis
23	against	against	ADP	_	25 person	case
24	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	25 person	det
25	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 testify	obl
26	that	that	SCONJ	_	28 die	mark
27	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 die	nsubj
28	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 testify	advcl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 killeth	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	kill	present	Whoso	any person			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme
2	slay	shall · passive	any person not said here	the murderer	the mouth of witnesses		vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	not testify speech: other	shall	one witness			against any person	vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	die	infinitive	person				vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Sentence 2: (Torah NUM.35.30, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 NUM.35.30	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 NUM.35.30	compound
3	NUM.35.30	NUM.35.30	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 NUM.35.30	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 NUM.35.30	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

he said unto them: 'Set your heart unto all the words wherewith I testify against you this day; that ye may charge your children therewith to observe to do all the words of this law. (Torah DEU.32.46, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: he said unto them: 'Set your heart unto all the words wherewith I testify against you this day; that ye may charge your children therewith to observe to do all the words of this law.

The tree, 35 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 said	nsubj
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	unto	unto	ADP	_	4 them	case
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 said	obl
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 Set	punct
6	'	'	PUNCT	_	7 Set	punct
7	Set	set	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 said	ccomp
8	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 heart	nmod:poss
9	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 Set	obj
10	unto	unto	ADP	_	13 words	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	13 words	det:predet
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 words	det
13	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Set	obl
14	wherewith	wherewith	ADV	PronType=Int	16 testify	advmod
15	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 testify	nsubj
16	testify	testify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 Set	advcl
17	against	against	ADP	_	18 you	case
18	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 testify	obl
19	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	20 day	det
20	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 testify	obl:unmarked
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 charge	punct
22	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	25 charge	nsubj
23	ye	ye	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	25 charge	nsubj
24	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 charge	aux
25	charge	charge	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 said	parataxis
26	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 children	nmod:poss
27	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 charge	obj
28	therewith	therewith	ADV	_	25 charge	advmod
29	to	to	PART	_	30 observe	mark
30	observe	observe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 charge	advcl
31	to	to	PART	_	32 do	mark
32	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 observe	xcomp
33	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	35 words	det:predet
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 words	det
35	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 do	obj
36	of	of	ADP	_	38 law	case
37	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	38 law	det
38	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 words	nmod
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	he			unto them = they	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	set	infinitive		your heart		unto all words	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient heart=Result
3	testify speech: other	present	I		day	against you; wherewith property	vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	charge	may	that	your children		therewith property	vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location child=Theme
5	observe	to-infinitive	that not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	do	to-infinitive	that not said here	all words of this law			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Eventuality
7	word			this law			nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient

Sentence 2: (Torah DEU.32.46, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.32.46	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.32.46	compound
3	DEU.32.46	DEU.32.46	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.32.46	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.32.46	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

Thine own mouth condemneth thee, and not I; yea, thine own lips testify against thee. (Writings JOB.15.6, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Thine own mouth condemneth thee, and not I; yea, thine own lips testify against thee.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thine	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 mouth	nmod:poss
2	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 mouth	amod
3	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 condemneth	nsubj
4	condemneth	condemn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	4 condemneth	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 I	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 I	cc
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 I	advmod
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 condemneth	conj
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 testify	punct
11	yea	yea	INTJ	_	16 testify	discourse
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 yea	punct
13	thine	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	15 lips	nmod:poss
14	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 lips	amod
15	lips	lip	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 testify	nsubj
16	testify	testify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 condemneth	conj
17	against	against	ADP	_	18 thee	case
18	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	16 testify	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 condemneth	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	condemn	present	Thine own mouth	thee					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Theme
2	testify speech: other	present	thine own lips					against thee	vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Sentence 2: (Writings JOB.15.6, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JOB.15.6	JOB.15.6	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JOB.15.6	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JOB.15.6	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

Hear ye, and testify against the house of Jacob, saith the Lord GOD, the God of hosts. (Prophets AMO.3.13, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Hear ye, and testify against the house of Jacob, saith the Lord GOD, the God of hosts.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	ye	ye	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	1 Hear	obj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 testify	punct
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 testify	cc
5	testify	testify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Hear	parataxis
6	against	against	ADP	_	8 house	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 house	det
8	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 testify	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 Jacob	case
10	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 house	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 saith	punct
12	saith	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 testify	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 GOD	det
14	Lord	Lord	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 GOD	compound
15	GOD	GOD	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 saith	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 God	punct
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 God	det
18	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 GOD	appos
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 hosts	case
20	hosts	host	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 God	nmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Hear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	hear	imperative	you not said here	ye		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer ye=Stimulus
2	testify speech: other	infinitive			against the house of Jacob	vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	say speech: assert	present		the Lord GOD		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent god=Topic

Sentence 2: (Prophets AMO.3.13, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	AMO.3.13	AMO.3.13	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 AMO.3.13	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 AMO.3.13	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 5

'Hear, O My people, and I will speak; O Israel, and I will testify against thee: God, thy God, am I. (Writings PSA.50.7, JPS 1917)

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	'	'	PUNCT	_	6 people	punct
2	Hear	hear	INTJ	_	6 people	discourse
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Hear	punct
4	O	o	INTJ	_	6 people	discourse
5	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 people	nmod:poss
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 I.	nsubj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 speak	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 speak	cc
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 speak	nsubj
10	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 speak	aux
11	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 people	parataxis
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 Israel	punct
13	O	O	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Israel	compound
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 speak	vocative
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 testify	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 testify	cc
17	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 testify	nsubj
18	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 testify	aux
19	testify	testify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 speak	conj
20	against	against	ADP	_	21 thee	case
21	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	19 testify	obl
22	:	:	PUNCT	_	23 God	punct
23	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 people	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 God	punct
25	thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	26 God	nmod:poss
26	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 God	acl:relcl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 people	punct
28	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 I.	cop
29	I.	I.	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
30	(	(	PUNCT	_	31 Writings	punct
31	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 I.	conj
32	PSA.50.7	PSA.50.7	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 Writings	appos
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 JPS	punct
34	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 PSA.50.7	flat
35	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	32 PSA.50.7	flat
36	)	)	PUNCT	_	29 I.	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	future	I		O Israel vocative	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	testify speech: other	future	I		against thee	vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present	My people God	I. and Writings		tree rules

Example 6

The boy was ready to testify in court.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ready	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 ready	cop
4	ready	ready	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 testify	mark
6	testify	testify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 ready	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 court	case
8	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 testify	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 ready	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the boy					ready property	tree rules
2	testify speech: other	to-infinitive	the boy not said here			court			vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 7

The witnesses testified that they saw the man.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 witnesses	det
2	witnesses	witness	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 testified	nsubj
3	testified	testify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 saw	mark
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 saw	nsubj
6	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 testified	ccomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 man	det
8	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 saw	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 testified	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	testify speech: other	past	the witnesses						tree rules
2	see	past	witnesses = witness	the man					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus

Example 8

The old stones testify to a long history.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 stones	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stones	amod
3	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 testify	nsubj
4	testify	testify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 history	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 history	det
7	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 history	amod
8	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 testify	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 testify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	testify speech: other	present	the old stones		a long history				vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent to history=Recipient

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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