testimony
Who acts: someone, something, medals, her, personal story, faith · What happens: see, know, give, be, work, tell · To what, where: formal statement, court, proof, testimony, life, Bible · Speech: someone speaks here
«testimony» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: testimony in the Judaism dictionary.
Meaning 1
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.
A formal statement of what someone saw or knows, given in a court of law.
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 statement | det |
| 2 | formal | formal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 statement | amod |
| 3 | statement | statement | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 what | case |
| 5 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 statement | nmod |
| 6 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 7 saw | nsubj |
| 7 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 what | acl:relcl |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 knows | cc |
| 9 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 saw | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 given | punct |
| 11 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 statement | acl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 court | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 court | det |
| 14 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 given | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 law | case |
| 16 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 court | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 statement | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | someone | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | know | present | someone not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | give | participle | a formal statement not said here | a court of law | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
Evidence or proof that something is true: «Her medals are testimony to her hard work».
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 3 proof | cc |
| 3 | proof | proof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Evidence | conj |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 true | mark |
| 5 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 7 true | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 true | cop |
| 7 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 proof | acl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 testimony | punct |
| 9 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 13 testimony | punct |
| 10 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 medals | nmod:poss |
| 11 | medals | medal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 testimony | nsubj |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 testimony | cop |
| 13 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 true | parataxis |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 work | case |
| 15 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 work | nmod:poss |
| 16 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 work | amod |
| 17 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 testimony | nmod |
| 18 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 13 testimony | punct |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Evidence | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | something | proof not said here | true property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | Her medals | testimony | to her hard work | tree rules | |||
| 3 | work in a quote | her = she | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
Meaning 3
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.
A personal story a Christian tells about how faith changed their life; (Bible) the Ten Commandments are sometimes called the testimony.
The tree, 21 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 story | det |
| 2 | personal | personal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 story | amod |
| 3 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tells | nsubj |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 Christian | det |
| 5 | Christian | Christian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 tells | nsubj |
| 6 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | about | about | SCONJ | _ | 10 changed | mark |
| 8 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 changed | advmod |
| 9 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 changed | nsubj |
| 10 | changed | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 tells | ccomp |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 life | nmod:poss |
| 12 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 changed | obj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 called | punct |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 Bible | punct |
| 15 | Bible | Bible | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 called | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 15 Bible | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Commandments | det |
| 18 | Ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 Commandments | nummod |
| 19 | Commandments | commandment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 called | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 called | aux:pass |
| 21 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 22 called | advmod |
| 22 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 tells | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 testimony | det |
| 24 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 called | xcomp |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 tells | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | present | a personal story | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | change | past | faith | their life | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient | ||||
| 3 | call | present · passive | Bible | sometimes property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
Example 1
the ark of the testimony, and the staves thereof, and the ark-cover; (Torah EXO.39.35, JPS 1917)
The tree, 17 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ark | det |
| 2 | ark | ark | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 testimony | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 testimony | det |
| 5 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ark | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 staves | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 staves | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 staves | det |
| 9 | staves | stave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 ark | conj |
| 10 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 9 staves | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 cover | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 cover | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 cover | det |
| 14 | ark | ark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cover | compound |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 ark | punct |
| 16 | cover | cover | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ark | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 EXO.39.35 | punct |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 EXO.39.35 | punct |
| 19 | Torah | Torah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 EXO.39.35 | compound |
| 20 | EXO.39.35 | EXO.39.35 | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ark | appos |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 JPS | punct |
| 22 | JPS | JPS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 EXO.39.35 | conj |
| 23 | 1917 | 1917 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 EXO.39.35 | flat |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 EXO.39.35 | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2
And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee. (Torah EXO.25.16, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee.
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 put | cc |
| 2 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 put | nsubj |
| 3 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 4 put | aux |
| 4 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 ark | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ark | det |
| 7 | ark | ark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 put | obl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 testimony | det |
| 9 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 put | obj |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 give | obj |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 give | nsubj |
| 12 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 give | aux |
| 13 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 testimony | acl:relcl |
| 14 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 13 give | iobj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 put | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | shall | thou | the testimony | the ark | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent testimony=Goal | |||
| 2 | give | shall | I | the testimony | thee | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient which=Theme |
Sentence 2: (Torah EXO.25.16, JPS 1917)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 3 EXO.25.16 | punct |
| 2 | Torah | Torah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 EXO.25.16 | compound |
| 3 | EXO.25.16 | EXO.25.16 | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 JPS | punct |
| 5 | JPS | JPS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 EXO.25.16 | conj |
| 6 | 1917 | 1917 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 JPS | flat |
| 7 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 3 EXO.25.16 | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3
And thou shalt anoint therewith the tent of meeting, and the ark of the testimony, (Torah EXO.30.26, JPS 1917)
The tree, 19 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 anoint | cc |
| 2 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 anoint | nsubj |
| 3 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 4 anoint | aux |
| 4 | anoint | anoint | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | therewith | therewith | ADV | _ | 4 anoint | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tent | det |
| 7 | tent | tent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 anoint | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 meeting | case |
| 9 | meeting | meeting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tent | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 ark | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 ark | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 ark | det |
| 13 | ark | ark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 anoint | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 testimony | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 testimony | det |
| 16 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ark | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 EXO.30.26 | punct |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 EXO.30.26 | punct |
| 19 | Torah | Torah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 EXO.30.26 | compound |
| 20 | EXO.30.26 | EXO.30.26 | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 anoint | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 JPS | punct |
| 22 | JPS | JPS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 EXO.30.26 | appos |
| 23 | 1917 | 1917 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 JPS | flat |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 JPS | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | anoint | shall | thou | the tent of meeting | the ark of the testimony obl; Torah EXO.30.26 obl; therewith property | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tent=Theme |
Example 4
Yea, Thy testimonies are my delight, they are my counsellors. (Writings PSA.119.24, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Yea, Thy testimonies are my delight, they are my counsellors.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yea | yea | INTJ | _ | 7 delight | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yea | punct |
| 3 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 testimonies | nmod:poss |
| 4 | testimonies | testimony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 delight | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 delight | cop |
| 6 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 delight | nmod:poss |
| 7 | delight | delight | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 counsellors | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 counsellors | nsubj |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 counsellors | cop |
| 11 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 counsellors | nmod:poss |
| 12 | counsellors | counsellor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 delight | conj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 delight | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Thy testimonies | my delight and my counsellors | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | testimonies = testimony | my counsellors | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | testify | Thy | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.119.24, JPS 1917)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 Writings | punct |
| 2 | Writings | writing | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | PSA.119.24 | PSA.119.24 | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Writings | appos |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 JPS | punct |
| 5 | JPS | JPS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 PSA.119.24 | flat |
| 6 | 1917 | 1917 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 PSA.119.24 | flat |
| 7 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 Writings | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5
Incline my heart unto Thy testimonies, and not to covetousness. (Writings PSA.119.36, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Incline my heart unto Thy testimonies, and not to covetousness.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Incline | incline | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heart | compound |
| 2 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 heart | nmod:poss |
| 3 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 6 testimonies | case |
| 5 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 6 testimonies | nmod:poss |
| 6 | testimonies | testimony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 heart | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 covetousness | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 covetousness | cc |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 covetousness | advmod |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 covetousness | case |
| 11 | covetousness | covetousness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heart | conj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heart | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | testify | Thy | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.119.36, JPS 1917)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 Writings | punct |
| 2 | Writings | writing | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | PSA.119.36 | PSA.119.36 | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Writings | appos |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 JPS | punct |
| 5 | JPS | JPS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 PSA.119.36 | flat |
| 6 | 1917 | 1917 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 PSA.119.36 | flat |
| 7 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 Writings | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 6
Thy testimonies are wonderful; therefore doth my soul keep them. (Writings PSA.119.129, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Thy testimonies are wonderful; therefore doth my soul keep them.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 2 testimonies | nmod:poss |
| 2 | testimonies | testimony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 wonderful | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 wonderful | cop |
| 4 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 7 doth | punct |
| 6 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 7 doth | advmod |
| 7 | doth | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 wonderful | parataxis |
| 8 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 soul | nmod:poss |
| 9 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 keep | nsubj |
| 10 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 doth | ccomp |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 keep | obj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 wonderful | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Thy testimonies | wonderful property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | do | present | therefore property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | keep | infinitive | my soul | testimonies = testimony | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 4 | testify | Thy | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.119.129, JPS 1917)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 Writings | punct |
| 2 | Writings | writing | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | PSA.119.129 | PSA.119.129 | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Writings | appos |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 JPS | punct |
| 5 | JPS | JPS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 PSA.119.129 | flat |
| 6 | 1917 | 1917 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 PSA.119.129 | flat |
| 7 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 Writings | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 7
The witness gave testimony in court about the accident.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 witness | det |
| 2 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | nsubj |
| 3 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 court | case |
| 6 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obl |
| 7 | about | about | ADP | _ | 9 accident | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 accident | det |
| 9 | accident | accident | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gave | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | the witness | testimony | court | about the accident | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent testimony=Theme |
Example 8
Her shiny trophies are testimony to years of practice.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 trophies | nmod:poss |
| 2 | shiny | shiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 trophies | amod |
| 3 | trophies | trophy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 testimony | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 testimony | cop |
| 5 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 years | case |
| 7 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 testimony | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 practice | case |
| 9 | practice | practice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 years | nmod |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 testimony | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Her shiny trophies | testimony | year | tree rules |
Example 9
The judge listened carefully to each testimony.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 judge | det |
| 2 | judge | judge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 listened | nsubj |
| 3 | listened | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 3 listened | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 testimony | case |
| 6 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 testimony | det |
| 7 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 listened | obl |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 listened | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | listen | past | the judge | to each testimony; carefully property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to testimony=Theme |
Example 10
At church, Mrs Brown shared her testimony about how faith helped her through illness.
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 church | case |
| 2 | church | church | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 shared | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 church | punct |
| 4 | Mrs | Mrs | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 shared | nsubj |
| 5 | Brown | Brown | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Mrs | flat |
| 6 | shared | share | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 testimony | nmod:poss |
| 8 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 shared | obj |
| 9 | about | about | SCONJ | _ | 12 helped | mark |
| 10 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 helped | advmod |
| 11 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 helped | nsubj |
| 12 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 shared | advcl |
| 13 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 helped | obj |
| 14 | through | through | ADP | _ | 15 illness | case |
| 15 | illness | illness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 helped | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 shared | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | share | past | Mrs | Mrs's testimony | church | tree rules | |||
| 2 | help | past | faith | Mrs | illness | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary | |||
| 3 | testify | Mrs | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
Example 11
The detective did not believe the man's testimony.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 detective | det |
| 2 | detective | detective | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 believe | nsubj |
| 3 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 believe | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 believe | advmod |
| 5 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 man | det |
| 7 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 testimony | nmod:poss |
| 8 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 7 man | case |
| 9 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 believe | obj |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 believe | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not believe | past · do-support | the detective | the man's testimony | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer testimony=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | testify | the man | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
Example 12
The old bridge is a testimony to the skill of its builders.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bridge | det |
| 2 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 bridge | amod |
| 3 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 testimony | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 testimony | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 testimony | det |
| 6 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 skill | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 skill | det |
| 9 | skill | skill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 testimony | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 builders | case |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 builders | nmod:poss |
| 12 | builders | builder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 skill | nmod |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 testimony | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the old bridge | a testimony | to the skill of bridge's builders | tree rules |
Example 13
“If you object to the testimony of the chief person present, in what way are we to obtain evidence?” the king demanded.
The tree, 22 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 object | punct |
| 2 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 4 object | mark |
| 3 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 object | nsubj |
| 4 | object | object | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 obtain | nsubj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 testimony | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 testimony | det |
| 7 | testimony | testimony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 object | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 present | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 present | det |
| 10 | chief | chief | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 present | amod |
| 11 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 present | compound |
| 12 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 testimony | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 what | punct |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 what | case |
| 15 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 object | appos |
| 16 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 what | obl:unmarked |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 obtain | cop |
| 18 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 obtain | nsubj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 obtain | mark |
| 20 | obtain | obtain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 demanded | parataxis |
| 21 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 obtain | obj |
| 22 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 20 obtain | punct |
| 23 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 obtain | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 king | det |
| 25 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 demanded | nsubj |
| 26 | demanded | demand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 demanded | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | object speech: other a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | you | to the testimony of the chief person present | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | object | obtain property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | demand speech: request | past | the king | vn require-103-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition | |||||
| 4 | testify in a quote | the chief person present | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/T/testimony/