untrained Who acts: Untrained, untrained animal, untrained eye, I, untrained puppy, two birds · What happens: mean, not teach, practise, behave, obey, not notice · To what, where: skill, untrained animal, Ephraim, Thou, I, shoes · Speech: someone speaks here
«untrained» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: untrained in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Untrained means not taught or practised in a skill or job: «an untrained helper».
The tree, 14 words nsubj advmod ccomp cc conj case det obl cc conj punct punct det amod appos punct punct root Untrained ADJ means VERB not PART taught VERB or CCONJ practised VERB in ADP a DET skill NOUN or CCONJ job NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT an DET untrained ADJ helper NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 taught advmod 4 taught teach VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 practised cc 6 practised practise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 taught conj 7 in in ADP _ 9 skill case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 skill det 9 skill skill NOUN Number=Sing 6 practised obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 job cc 11 job job NOUN Number=Sing 9 skill conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 16 helper punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 16 helper punct 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 helper det 15 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 16 helper amod 16 helper helper NOUN Number=Sing 9 skill appos 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 helper punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Untrained vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not teach speech: other participle vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 practise participle a skill or job tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An untrained animal has not been taught to behave or obey: «an untrained puppy».
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass mark xcomp cc conj punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct root An DET untrained ADJ animal NOUN has AUX not PART been AUX taught VERB to PART behave VERB or CCONJ obey VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT an DET untrained ADJ puppy NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 animal det 2 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 3 animal amod 3 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 7 taught nsubj:pass 4 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 taught aux 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 taught advmod 6 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 taught aux:pass 7 taught teach VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 to to PART _ 9 behave mark 9 behave behave VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 taught xcomp 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 obey cc 11 obey obey VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 behave conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 7 taught punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 16 puppy punct 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 puppy det 15 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 16 puppy amod 16 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 7 taught parataxis 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 puppy punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 taught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not teach speech: other present · perfect · passive a untrained animal vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic 2 behave to-infinitive a untrained animal not said here vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent 3 obey infinitive a untrained animal not said here vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 An untrained eye or ear cannot notice what an expert can.
det amod nsubj cc conj aux advmod obj det nsubj acl:relcl punct root An DET untrained ADJ eye NOUN or CCONJ ear NOUN can AUX not PART notice VERB what PRON an DET expert NOUN can AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 eye det 2 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 3 eye amod 3 eye eye NOUN Number=Sing 8 notice nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 ear cc 5 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 3 eye conj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 notice aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 notice advmod 8 notice notice VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 what what PRON PronType=Int 8 notice obj 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 expert det 11 expert expert NOUN Number=Sing 12 can nsubj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 what acl:relcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 notice punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not notice can a untrained eye or ear vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus
Example 1 I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: 'Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a calf untrained; turn thou me, and I shall be turned, for Thou art the LORD my God. (Prophets JER.31.18, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: 'Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a calf untrained; turn thou me, and I shall be turned, for Thou art the LORD my God.
The tree, 34 words nsubj aux advmod obj advcl obj punct punct nsubj:pass aux conj obj punct cc nsubj aux:pass conj punct mark det obl:unmarked conj punct conj obj obj punct cc nsubj aux aux:pass conj punct mark nsubj conj det obj nmod:poss appos punct root I PRON have AUX surely ADV heard VERB Ephraim PROPN bemoaning VERB himself PRON : PUNCT ' PUNCT Thou PRON hast AUX chastised VERB me PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ I PRON was AUX chastised VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ a DET calf NOUN untrained ADJ ; PUNCT turn VERB thou PRON me PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ I PRON shall AUX be AUX turned VERB , PUNCT for SCONJ Thou PRON art AUX the DET LORD PROPN my PRON God PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 heard nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 heard aux 3 surely surely ADV _ 4 heard advmod 4 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 Ephraim Ephraim PROPN Number=Sing 4 heard obj 6 bemoaning bemoan VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 heard advcl 7 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 6 bemoaning obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 12 chastised punct 9 ' ' PUNCT _ 12 chastised punct 10 Thou thou PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch 12 chastised nsubj:pass 11 hast have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 chastised aux 12 chastised chastise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 heard conj 13 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 chastised obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 chastised punct 15 and and CCONJ _ 18 chastised cc 16 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 18 chastised nsubj 17 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 chastised aux:pass 18 chastised chastise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 chastised conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 23 untrained punct 20 as as SCONJ _ 23 untrained mark 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 calf det 22 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 23 untrained obl:unmarked 23 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 18 chastised conj 24 ; ; PUNCT _ 25 turn punct 25 turn turn VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 heard conj 26 thou thou PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch 25 turn obj 27 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 25 turn obj 28 , , PUNCT _ 33 turned punct 29 and and CCONJ _ 33 turned cc 30 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 33 turned nsubj 31 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 33 turned aux 32 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 33 turned aux:pass 33 turned turn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 heard conj 34 , , PUNCT _ 37 art punct 35 for for SCONJ _ 37 art mark 36 Thou thou PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch 37 art nsubj 37 art be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 33 turned conj 38 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 39 LORD det 39 LORD LORD PROPN Number=Sing 37 art obj 40 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 41 God nmod:poss 41 God God PROPN Number=Sing 39 LORD appos 42 . . PUNCT _ 4 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear present · perfect I Ephraim surely property vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer ephraim=Stimulus 2 bemoan gerund I not said here Ephraim tree rules 3 chastise present · perfect · passive Thou tree rules 4 chastise past · passive I vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 5 turn infinitive I not said here thou vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: agent=Agent thou=Theme i=Result 6 turn shall · passive I vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: subject=Result
Sentence 2: (Prophets JER.31.18, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN JER.31.18 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 JER.31.18 JER.31.18 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Prophets appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 JER.31.18 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 JER.31.18 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 An untrained puppy will chew your shoes.
det amod nsubj aux nmod:poss obj punct root An DET untrained ADJ puppy NOUN will AUX chew VERB your PRON shoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 puppy det 2 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 3 puppy amod 3 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 5 chew nsubj 4 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 chew aux 5 chew chew VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 shoes nmod:poss 7 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 5 chew obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 chew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew future a untrained puppy your shoes vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Patient
Example 3 To the untrained eye, the two birds look the same.
case det amod obl punct det nummod nsubj det obj punct root To ADP the DET untrained ADJ eye NOUN , PUNCT the DET two NUM birds NOUN look VERB the DET same ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 4 eye case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 eye det 3 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 4 eye amod 4 eye eye NOUN Number=Sing 9 look obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 eye punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 birds det 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 birds nummod 8 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 9 look nsubj 9 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 same det 11 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 9 look obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present the two birds the same to the untrained eye vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme same=Attribute
Example 4 Untrained people should not climb into a sewer to rescue someone.
amod nsubj aux advmod case det obl mark advcl obj punct root Untrained ADJ people NOUN should AUX not PART climb VERB into ADP a DET sewer NOUN to PART rescue VERB someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 climb nsubj 3 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 climb aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 climb advmod 5 climb climb VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 into into ADP _ 8 sewer case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sewer det 8 sewer sewer NOUN Number=Sing 5 climb obl 9 to to PART _ 10 rescue mark 10 rescue rescue VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 climb advcl 11 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 rescue obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 climb punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not climb should Untrained people a sewer vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into sewer=Destination 2 rescue to-infinitive Untrained people not said here someone vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme
Example 5 The new helpers were untrained, so the coach showed them what to do.
The tree, 13 words det amod nsubj cop punct advmod det nsubj conj obj obj mark ccomp punct root The DET new ADJ helpers NOUN were AUX untrained ADJ , PUNCT so ADV the DET coach NOUN showed VERB them PRON what PRON to PART do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 helpers det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 helpers amod 3 helpers helper NOUN Number=Plur 5 untrained nsubj 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 untrained cop 5 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 showed punct 7 so so ADV _ 10 showed advmod 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 coach det 9 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 10 showed nsubj 10 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 untrained conj 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 showed obj 12 what what PRON PronType=Int 14 do obj 13 to to PART _ 14 do mark 14 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 showed ccomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 untrained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the new helpers untrained property tree rules 2 show past the coach helpers = helper vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic 3 do to-infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
Example 6 My voice is untrained, but I love singing.
nmod:poss nsubj cop punct cc nsubj conj xcomp punct root My PRON voice NOUN is AUX untrained ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ I PRON love VERB singing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 voice nmod:poss 2 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 untrained nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 untrained cop 4 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 love punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 8 love cc 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 love nsubj 8 love love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 untrained conj 9 singing sing VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 love xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 untrained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My voice untrained property tree rules 2 love present I vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 sing speech: express not said to happen gerund I not said here vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 It is dangerous for untrained divers to go into caves.
nsubj cop case amod obl mark acl case obl punct root It PRON is AUX dangerous ADJ for ADP untrained ADJ divers NOUN to PART go VERB into ADP caves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 dangerous nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 dangerous cop 3 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 divers case 5 untrained untrained ADJ Degree=Pos 6 divers amod 6 divers diver NOUN Number=Plur 3 dangerous obl 7 to to PART _ 8 go mark 8 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 divers acl 9 into into ADP _ 10 caves case 10 caves cave NOUN Number=Plur 8 go obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 dangerous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It for untrained divers; dangerous property tree rules 2 go to-infinitive caves vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into cave=Initial_Location
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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