abreast Who acts: Abreast, car, We, cyclists, runner, Dad · What happens: mean, face, draw, keep, change, stay up · To what, where: side, same way, level, bus, lane, last lap · Speech: someone speaks here
«abreast» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: abreast in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Abreast means side by side, facing the same way: «three abreast».
The tree, 11 words nsubj obj case nmod punct conj det amod obj punct punct nummod parataxis punct punct root Abreast ADJ means VERB side NOUN by ADP side NOUN , PUNCT facing VERB the DET same ADJ way NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT three NUM abreast ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Abreast abreast ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 side side NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 4 by by ADP _ 5 side case 5 side side NOUN Number=Sing 3 side nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 facing punct 7 facing face VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 way det 9 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 10 way amod 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 7 facing obj 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 abreast punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 abreast punct 13 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 abreast nummod 14 abreast abreast ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means parataxis 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 abreast punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Abreast side by side tree rules 2 face gerund Abreast not said here the same way vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Abreast of something means level with it: «The car drew abreast of the bus.».
The tree, 14 words nsubj case obl obj case nmod punct punct det nsubj parataxis advmod case det obj punct punct punct root Abreast PROPN of ADP something PRON means VERB level NOUN with ADP it PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET car NOUN drew VERB abreast ADV of ADP the DET bus NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Abreast Abreast PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 something case 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 means obl 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 level level NOUN Number=Sing 4 means obj 6 with with ADP _ 7 it case 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 level nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 12 drew punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 12 drew punct 10 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 car det 11 car car NOUN Number=Sing 12 drew nsubj 12 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 means parataxis 13 abreast abreast ADV _ 16 bus advmod 14 of of ADP _ 16 bus case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 bus det 16 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 12 drew obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 12 drew punct 18 » » PUNCT _ 12 drew punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Abreast level of something; with level tree rules 2 draw in a quote past the car the bus vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bus=Theme
Meaning 3 To keep abreast of news or changes means to stay up to date with them.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj xcomp case obl cc conj mark ccomp compound:prt case obl case obl punct root To PART keep VERB abreast ADJ of ADP news NOUN or CCONJ changes VERB means VERB to PART stay VERB up ADP to ADP date NOUN with ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 keep mark 2 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means csubj 3 abreast abreast ADJ Degree=Pos 2 keep xcomp 4 of of ADP _ 5 news case 5 news news NOUN Number=Sing 3 abreast obl 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 changes cc 7 changes change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 abreast conj 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 10 stay mark 10 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means ccomp 11 up up ADP _ 10 stay compound:prt 12 to to ADP _ 13 date case 13 date date NOUN Number=Sing 10 stay obl 14 with with ADP _ 15 them case 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 stay obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep to-infinitive abreast property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 change present vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 stay up not said to happen to-infinitive to date; with them = they vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with they=Location
Example 1 We walked to the museum two abreast.
nsubj case det obl flat advmod punct root We PRON walked VERB to ADP the DET museum NOUN two NUM abreast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 museum case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 museum det 5 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 museum flat 7 abreast abreast ADV _ 2 walked advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past We to the museum result ; abreast property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to museum=Result
Example 2 The cyclists rode three abreast and blocked the lane.
det nsubj nummod advmod cc conj det obj punct root The DET cyclists NOUN rode VERB three NUM abreast ADV and CCONJ blocked VERB the DET lane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cyclists det 2 cyclists cyclist NOUN Number=Plur 3 rode nsubj 3 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 abreast nummod 5 abreast abreast ADV _ 3 rode advmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 blocked cc 7 blocked block VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 rode conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 lane det 9 lane lane NOUN Number=Sing 7 blocked obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past the cyclists abreast property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 2 block past the cyclists not said here the lane vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer lane=Theme
Example 3 The runner drew abreast of the leader on the last lap.
det nsubj advmod case det obl case det amod obl punct root The DET runner NOUN drew VERB abreast ADV of ADP the DET leader NOUN on ADP the DET last ADJ lap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 runner det 2 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 3 drew nsubj 3 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 abreast abreast ADV _ 3 drew advmod 5 of of ADP _ 7 leader case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 leader det 7 leader leader NOUN Number=Sing 3 drew obl 8 on on ADP _ 11 lap case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 lap det 10 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 11 lap amod 11 lap lap NOUN Number=Sing 3 drew obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 drew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past the runner the last lap of the leader; abreast property vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient of leader=Co-Patient
Example 4 Dad reads the news to keep abreast of what's happening.
nsubj det obj mark advcl case fixed obl aux acl:relcl punct root Dad NOUN reads VERB the DET news NOUN to PART keep VERB abreast ADP of ADP what PRON 's AUX happening VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 reads nsubj 2 reads read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 news det 4 news news NOUN Number=Sing 2 reads obj 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 reads advcl 7 abreast abreast ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 what case 8 of of ADP _ 7 abreast fixed 9 what what PRON PronType=Rel 6 keep obl 10 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 happening aux 11 happening happen VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 what acl:relcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 reads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read present Dad the news vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent news=Topic 2 keep to-infinitive Dad not said here vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 happen present · progressive vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The ships sailed abreast across the bay.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET ships NOUN sailed VERB abreast ADV across ADP the DET bay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ships det 2 ships ship NOUN Number=Plur 3 sailed nsubj 3 sailed sail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 abreast abreast ADV _ 3 sailed advmod 5 across across ADP _ 7 bay case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bay det 7 bay bay NOUN Number=Sing 3 sailed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sail past the ships the bay abreast property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent across bay=Trajectory
Example 6 Teachers keep abreast of new ideas in teaching.
nsubj case case amod obl case obl punct root Teachers NOUN keep VERB abreast ADP of ADP new ADJ ideas NOUN in ADP teaching NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Teachers teacher NOUN Number=Plur 2 keep nsubj 2 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 abreast abreast ADP _ 6 ideas case 4 of of ADP _ 6 ideas case 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 ideas amod 6 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 2 keep obl 7 in in ADP _ 8 teaching case 8 teaching teaching NOUN Number=Sing 2 keep obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present Teachers teaching abreast new ideas vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in teaching=Location
Example 7 It was drawn by twelve snow-white horses, harnessed four abreast; their trappings were flame-colored velvet, embroidered with diamonds.
The tree, 20 words nsubj:pass aux:pass case nummod obl punct amod obl punct acl obj advmod punct nmod:poss nsubj cop compound punct amod obl punct acl case obl punct root It PRON was AUX drawn VERB by ADP twelve NUM snow NOUN - PUNCT white ADJ horses NOUN , PUNCT harnessed VERB four NUM abreast ADV ; PUNCT their PRON trappings NOUN were AUX flame NOUN - PUNCT colored VERB velvet NOUN , PUNCT embroidered VERB with ADP diamonds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 drawn nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 drawn aux:pass 3 drawn draw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 9 horses case 5 twelve twelve NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 horses nummod 6 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 8 white obl 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 snow punct 8 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 9 horses amod 9 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 3 drawn obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 harnessed punct 11 harnessed harness VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 horses acl 12 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 harnessed obj 13 abreast abreast ADV _ 11 harnessed advmod 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 velvet punct 15 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 trappings nmod:poss 16 trappings trapping NOUN Number=Plur 21 velvet nsubj 17 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 velvet cop 18 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 21 velvet compound 19 - - PUNCT _ 18 flame punct 20 colored color VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 velvet amod 21 velvet velvet NOUN Number=Sing 3 drawn obl 22 , , PUNCT _ 23 embroidered punct 23 embroidered embroider VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 velvet acl 24 with with ADP _ 25 diamonds case 25 diamonds diamond NOUN Number=Plur 23 embroidered obl 26 . . PUNCT _ 3 drawn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past · passive twelve white horses It vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme 2 harness participle twelve white horses not said here four abreast property vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent four=Destination 3 color participle vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 is a past horses's trappings flame colored velvet tree rules 5 embroider participle flame colored velvet not said here with diamonds vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with diamond=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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