abstention Who acts: someone, abstention, you, vote, result, council · What happens: be, choose, not vote, not do, have, want · To what, where: abstention, something, tie, abstentions, class vote · Speech: someone speaks here
«abstention» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: abstention in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An abstention is when someone chooses not to vote, neither for nor against.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop mark nsubj advcl advmod mark punct cc:preconj obl cc conj punct root An DET abstention NOUN is AUX when SCONJ someone PRON chooses VERB not PART to PART vote VERB , PUNCT neither CCONJ for ADP nor CCONJ against ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 abstention det 2 abstention abstention NOUN Number=Sing 9 vote nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 abstention cop 4 when when SCONJ _ 6 chooses mark 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 chooses nsubj 6 chooses choose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 vote advcl 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 vote advmod 8 to to PART _ 9 vote mark 9 vote vote VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 for punct 11 neither neither CCONJ Polarity=Neg 12 for cc:preconj 12 for for ADP _ 9 vote obl 13 nor nor CCONJ Polarity=Neg 14 against cc 14 against against ADP _ 12 for conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 vote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a abstention tree rules 2 choose present someone vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 not vote to-infinitive a abstention vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Abstention is choosing not to do or have something you might want, like food or alcohol.
The tree, 16 words nsubj aux advmod mark xcomp cc conj obj nsubj aux acl:relcl punct case obl cc conj punct root Abstention NOUN is AUX choosing VERB not PART to PART do VERB or CCONJ have VERB something PRON you PRON might AUX want VERB , PUNCT like ADP food NOUN or CCONJ alcohol NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Abstention abstention NOUN Number=Sing 3 choosing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 choosing aux 3 choosing choose VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 do advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 do mark 6 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 choosing xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 have cc 8 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 do conj 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 do obj 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 want nsubj 11 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 want aux 12 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 something acl:relcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 food punct 14 like like ADP _ 15 food case 15 food food NOUN Number=Sing 6 do obl 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 alcohol cc 17 alcohol alcohol NOUN Number=Sing 15 food conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 choosing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choose present · progressive Abstention tree rules 2 not do to-infinitive Abstention not said here something like food or alcohol vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 3 have infinitive Abstention not said here vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 want might you vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 1 The vote was twelve for, eight against, with three abstentions.
det nsubj cop case punct conj case punct case nummod nmod punct root The DET vote NOUN was AUX twelve NUM for ADP , PUNCT eight NUM against ADP , PUNCT with ADP three NUM abstentions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 vote det 2 vote vote NOUN Number=Sing 4 twelve nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 twelve cop 4 twelve twelve NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 5 for for ADP _ 4 twelve case 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 eight punct 7 eight eight NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 twelve conj 8 against against ADP _ 12 abstentions case 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 abstentions punct 10 with with ADP _ 12 abstentions case 11 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 abstentions nummod 12 abstentions abstention NOUN Number=Plur 7 eight nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 twelve punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the vote for twelve tree rules
Example 2 Ruby's abstention meant the result was a tie.
nmod:poss case nsubj det nsubj cop det ccomp punct root Ruby PROPN 's PART abstention NOUN meant VERB the DET result NOUN was AUX a DET tie NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 3 abstention nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Ruby case 3 abstention abstention NOUN Number=Sing 4 meant nsubj 4 meant mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 result det 6 result result NOUN Number=Sing 9 tie nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 tie cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 tie det 9 tie tie NOUN Number=Sing 4 meant ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 meant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean past Ruby's abstention vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is a past the result a tie tree rules
Example 3 Abstention from sweets during Lent was hard for Tom.
nsubj case nmod case nmod cop case obl punct root Abstention NOUN from ADP sweets NOUN during ADP Lent PROPN was AUX hard ADJ for ADP Tom PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Abstention abstention NOUN Number=Sing 7 hard nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 3 sweets case 3 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 1 Abstention nmod 4 during during ADP _ 5 Lent case 5 Lent Lent PROPN Number=Sing 3 sweets nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 hard cop 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 for for ADP _ 9 Tom case 9 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 7 hard obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Abstention from sweets during Lent for Tom; hard property tree rules
Example 4 The council counted the abstentions separately.
det nsubj det obj advmod punct root The DET council NOUN counted VERB the DET abstentions NOUN separately ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 council det 2 council council NOUN Number=Sing 3 counted nsubj 3 counted count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 abstentions det 5 abstentions abstention NOUN Number=Plur 3 counted obj 6 separately separately ADV _ 3 counted advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 counted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count past the council the abstentions separately property vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abstention=Theme
Example 5 There were no abstentions; everyone voted.
expl det nsubj punct nsubj conj punct root There PRON were VERB no DET abstentions NOUN ; PUNCT everyone PRON voted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 were expl 2 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 abstentions det 4 abstentions abstention NOUN Number=Plur 2 were nsubj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 voted punct 6 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 7 voted nsubj 7 voted vote VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 were conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past no abstentions there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 vote past everyone vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 6 In the class vote for the trip, there was one abstention.
case det compound obl case det nmod punct expl nummod nsubj punct root In ADP the DET class NOUN vote NOUN for ADP the DET trip NOUN , PUNCT there PRON was VERB one NUM abstention NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 vote case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 vote det 3 class class NOUN Number=Sing 4 vote compound 4 vote vote NOUN Number=Sing 10 was obl 5 for for ADP _ 7 trip case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trip det 7 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 4 vote nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 vote punct 9 there there PRON PronType=Dem 10 was expl 10 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 abstention nummod 12 abstention abstention NOUN Number=Sing 10 was nsubj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past one abstention the class vote for the trip; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in vote=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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