accusative Who acts: accusative, one, we, She, dog, der · What happens: be, use, do to, see, bite, change · To what, where: form, grammar, noun, object, action, it · Speech: someone speaks here
«accusative» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: accusative in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In grammar, the accusative (or accusative case) is the form of a noun or pronoun used when it is the object of a verb, the one the action is done to.
The tree, 31 words case obl punct det nsubj punct cc compound appos punct cop det case det nmod cc conj acl advmod nsubj cop det obl case det nmod punct det appos det nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl compound:prt punct root In ADP grammar NOUN , PUNCT the DET accusative NOUN ( PUNCT or CCONJ accusative NOUN case NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX the DET form NOUN of ADP a DET noun NOUN or CCONJ pronoun NOUN used VERB when ADV it PRON is AUX the DET object NOUN of ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT the DET one NOUN the DET action NOUN is AUX done VERB to ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 grammar case 2 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 13 form obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 grammar punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 accusative det 5 accusative accusative NOUN Number=Sing 13 form nsubj 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 9 case punct 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 case cc 8 accusative accusative NOUN Number=Sing 9 case compound 9 case case NOUN Number=Sing 5 accusative appos 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 9 case punct 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 form cop 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 form det 13 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 14 of of ADP _ 16 noun case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 noun det 16 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 13 form nmod 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 pronoun cc 18 pronoun pronoun NOUN Number=Sing 16 noun conj 19 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 noun acl 20 when when ADV PronType=Int 24 object advmod 21 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 24 object nsubj 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 object cop 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 object det 24 object object NOUN Number=Sing 19 used obl 25 of of ADP _ 27 verb case 26 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 27 verb det 27 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 24 object nmod 28 , , PUNCT _ 30 one punct 29 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 30 one det 30 one one NOUN Number=Sing 24 object appos 31 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 action det 32 action action NOUN Number=Sing 34 done nsubj:pass 33 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 34 done aux:pass 34 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 30 one acl:relcl 35 to to ADP _ 34 done compound:prt 36 . . PUNCT _ 13 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the accusative the form grammar of a noun or pronoun tree rules 2 use participle a noun or pronoun not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is a present accusative the object of a verb tree rules 4 do to present · passive the one not said here the action vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In English we see it only in pronouns: «me, him, her, us, them, whom» (for example, «She saw him»).
The tree, 19 words case obl nsubj obj advmod case obl punct punct nmod punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct nsubj punct punct case obl punct punct nsubj parataxis obj punct punct punct root In ADP English PROPN we PRON see VERB it PRON only ADV in ADP pronouns NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT me PRON , PUNCT him PRON , PUNCT her PRON , PUNCT us PRON , PUNCT them PRON , PUNCT whom PRON » PUNCT ( PUNCT for ADP example NOUN , PUNCT « PUNCT She PRON saw VERB him PRON » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 English case 2 English English PROPN Number=Sing 4 see obl 3 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 see nsubj 4 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 see obj 6 only only ADV _ 8 pronouns advmod 7 in in ADP _ 8 pronouns case 8 pronouns pronoun NOUN Number=Plur 4 see obl 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 me punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 me punct 11 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 pronouns nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 him punct 13 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 me conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 her punct 15 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 me conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 us punct 17 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 me conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 them punct 19 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 us conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 25 example punct 21 whom whom PRON PronType=Rel 25 example nsubj 22 » » PUNCT _ 21 whom punct 23 ( ( PUNCT _ 25 example punct 24 for for ADP _ 25 example case 25 example example NOUN Number=Sing 8 pronouns obl 26 , , PUNCT _ 29 saw punct 27 « « PUNCT _ 29 saw punct 28 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 29 saw nsubj 29 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 see parataxis 30 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 29 saw obj 31 » » PUNCT _ 29 saw punct 32 ) ) PUNCT _ 29 saw punct 33 . . PUNCT _ 4 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see present we it English in pronouns me tree rules 2 see in a quote past She English vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus
Example 1 In «The dog bit him», «him» is in the accusative.
The tree, 10 words mark punct det nsubj advcl obj punct punct punct punct punct cop case det punct root In SCONJ « PUNCT The DET dog NOUN bit VERB him PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT him PRON » PUNCT is AUX in ADP the DET accusative NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in SCONJ _ 5 bit mark 2 « « PUNCT _ 5 bit punct 3 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 dog det 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 5 bit nsubj 5 bit bite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 him advcl 6 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 bit obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 5 bit punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 him punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 him punct 10 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 accusative punct 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 him punct 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 accusative cop 13 in in ADP _ 15 accusative case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 accusative det 15 accusative accusative NOUN Number=Sing root root 16 . . PUNCT _ 15 accusative punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bite in a quote past the dog him = he vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient 2 is present the accusative tree rules
Example 2 In German, «der» changes to «den» in the accusative.
The tree, 9 words case obl punct punct nsubj punct case punct obl punct case det obl punct root In ADP German PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT der NOUN » PUNCT changes VERB to ADP « PUNCT den NOUN » PUNCT in ADP the DET accusative NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 German case 2 German German PROPN Number=Sing 7 changes obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 German punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 der punct 5 der der NOUN Number=Sing 7 changes nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 der punct 7 changes change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to ADP _ 10 den case 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 den punct 10 den den NOUN Number=Sing 7 changes obl 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 den punct 12 in in ADP _ 14 accusative case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 accusative det 14 accusative accusative NOUN Number=Sing 7 changes obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 changes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change present der German to den result ; in the accusative vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to den=Result
Example 3 Latin nouns have different endings in the accusative.
amod nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root Latin ADJ nouns NOUN have VERB different ADJ endings NOUN in ADP the DET accusative NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Latin Latin ADJ Degree=Pos 2 nouns amod 2 nouns noun NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 5 endings amod 5 endings ending NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 accusative case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 accusative det 8 accusative accusative NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Latin nouns different endings the accusative vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Patient
Example 4 «Whom» is the accusative form of «who».
punct nsubj punct cop det compound case punct nmod punct punct root « PUNCT Whom PRON » PUNCT is AUX the DET accusative NOUN form NOUN of ADP « PUNCT who PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Whom punct 2 Whom whom PRON PronType=Rel 7 form nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Whom punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 form cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 form det 6 accusative accusative NOUN Number=Sing 7 form compound 7 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 who case 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 who punct 10 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 form nmod 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 who punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the accusative form tree rules
Example 5 Our language teacher drew a table of nominative and accusative pronouns.
nmod:poss compound nsubj det obj case nmod cc compound conj punct root Our PRON language NOUN teacher NOUN drew VERB a DET table NOUN of ADP nominative NOUN and CCONJ accusative NOUN pronouns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 teacher nmod:poss 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 teacher compound 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 drew nsubj 4 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 table det 6 table table NOUN Number=Sing 4 drew obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 nominative case 8 nominative nominative NOUN Number=Sing 6 table nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 pronouns cc 10 accusative accusative NOUN Number=Sing 11 pronouns compound 11 pronouns pronoun NOUN Number=Plur 8 nominative conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 drew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past Our language teacher a table of nominative and accusative pronouns vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Theme
Example 6 In Ukrainian the accusative of «книга» (book) is «книгу».
The tree, 9 words case obl det nsubj case punct nmod punct punct appos punct cop punct punct punct root In ADP Ukrainian PROPN the DET accusative NOUN of ADP « PUNCT книга NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT book NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT книгу NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Ukrainian case 2 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN Number=Sing 14 книгу obl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 accusative det 4 accusative accusative NOUN Number=Sing 14 книгу nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 7 книга case 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 книга punct 7 книга книга NOUN Number=Sing 4 accusative nmod 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 книга punct 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 book punct 10 book book NOUN Number=Sing 7 книга appos 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 book punct 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 книгу cop 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 книгу punct 14 книгу книгу NOUN Number=Sing root root 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 книгу punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 14 книгу punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present the accusative of книга книгу Ukrainian tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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