aestivation Who acts: long like rest, bud, frogs, African lungfish, Snails, Hibernation · What happens: go, save, fold, open, survive, wrap · To what, where: water, parts, drought, lungfish, mucus, shells
«aestivation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: aestivation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A long sleep-like rest that some animals go into during very hot, dry weather, to save water and energy — like hibernation, but in summer.
The tree, 25 words det amod compound punct amod nsubj det nsubj acl:relcl case case advmod amod punct amod obl punct mark parataxis obj cc conj punct case conj punct cc case parataxis punct root A DET long ADJ sleep NOUN - PUNCT like ADJ rest NOUN that PRON some DET animals NOUN go VERB into ADP during ADP very ADV hot ADJ , PUNCT dry ADJ weather NOUN , PUNCT to PART save VERB water NOUN and CCONJ energy NOUN — PUNCT like ADP hibernation NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 rest det 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rest amod 3 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 5 like compound 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 sleep punct 5 like like ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rest amod 6 rest rest NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 go nsubj 8 some some DET PronType=Ind 9 animals det 9 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 10 go nsubj 10 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 rest acl:relcl 11 into into ADP _ 10 go case 12 during during ADP _ 17 weather case 13 very very ADV _ 14 hot advmod 14 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 17 weather amod 15 , , PUNCT _ 14 hot punct 16 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 17 weather amod 17 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 10 go obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 20 save punct 19 to to PART _ 20 save mark 20 save save VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 10 go parataxis 21 water water NOUN Number=Sing 20 save obj 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 energy cc 23 energy energy NOUN Number=Sing 21 water conj 24 — - PUNCT _ 26 hibernation punct 25 like like ADP _ 26 hibernation case 26 hibernation hibernation NOUN Number=Sing 21 water conj 27 , , PUNCT _ 30 summer punct 28 but but CCONJ _ 30 summer cc 29 in in ADP _ 30 summer case 30 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 6 rest parataxis 31 . . PUNCT _ 6 rest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present a long like rest during hot dry weather vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 save to-infinitive water and energy and hibernation vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: botany — kept apart, not parsed.
The way the parts of a flower bud are folded before it opens.
det obl:unmarked det nsubj:pass case det compound nmod aux:pass mark nsubj advcl punct root The DET way NOUN the DET parts NOUN of ADP a DET flower NOUN bud NOUN are AUX folded VERB before SCONJ it PRON opens VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 way det 2 way way NOUN Number=Sing 10 folded obl:unmarked 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 parts det 4 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 10 folded nsubj:pass 5 of of ADP _ 8 bud case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 bud det 7 flower flower NOUN Number=Sing 8 bud compound 8 bud bud NOUN Number=Sing 4 parts nmod 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 folded aux:pass 10 folded fold VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 11 before before SCONJ _ 13 opens mark 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 opens nsubj 13 opens open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 folded advcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 folded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fold present · passive the parts of a flower bud the way obl:unmarked vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient 2 open present bud vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Some frogs in Australia survive drought by aestivation underground.
det nsubj case nmod obj case obl advmod punct root Some DET frogs NOUN in ADP Australia PROPN survive VERB drought NOUN by ADP aestivation NOUN underground ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 frogs det 2 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 5 survive nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 Australia case 4 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 2 frogs nmod 5 survive survive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 drought drought NOUN Number=Sing 5 survive obj 7 by by ADP _ 8 aestivation case 8 aestivation aestivation NOUN Number=Sing 5 survive obl 9 underground underground ADV _ 5 survive advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 survive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 survive present some frogs in Australia drought by aestivation; underground property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme drought=Circumstance
Example 2 The African lungfish wraps itself in mucus during aestivation.
det amod nsubj obj case obl case obl punct root The DET African ADJ lungfish NOUN wraps VERB itself PRON in ADP mucus NOUN during ADP aestivation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 lungfish det 2 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 3 lungfish amod 3 lungfish lungfish NOUN Number=Sing 4 wraps nsubj 4 wraps wrap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 4 wraps obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 mucus case 7 mucus mucus NOUN Number=Sing 4 wraps obl 8 during during ADP _ 9 aestivation case 9 aestivation aestivation NOUN Number=Sing 4 wraps obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 wraps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wrap present the African lungfish lungfish mucus during aestivation vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent itself=Theme in mucus=Destination
Example 3 Snails seal their shells with a dry layer during aestivation.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det amod obl case obl punct root Snails NOUN seal VERB their PRON shells NOUN with ADP a DET dry ADJ layer NOUN during ADP aestivation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Snails snail NOUN Number=Plur 2 seal nsubj 2 seal seal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 shells nmod:poss 4 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 2 seal obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 layer case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 layer det 7 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 8 layer amod 8 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 2 seal obl 9 during during ADP _ 10 aestivation case 10 aestivation aestivation NOUN Number=Sing 2 seal obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 seal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seal present Snails Snails's shells during aestivation with a dry layer vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent shell=Patient with layer=Instrument
Example 4 Hibernation is for winter, and aestivation is for hot, dry summers.
nsubj cop case punct cc nsubj cop case amod punct amod conj punct root Hibernation NOUN is AUX for ADP winter NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ aestivation NOUN is AUX for ADP hot ADJ , PUNCT dry ADJ summers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hibernation hibernation NOUN Number=Sing 4 winter nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 winter cop 3 for for ADP _ 4 winter case 4 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 13 summers punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 13 summers cc 7 aestivation aestivation NOUN Number=Sing 13 summers nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 summers cop 9 for for ADP _ 13 summers case 10 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 13 summers amod 11 , , PUNCT _ 10 hot punct 12 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 13 summers amod 13 summers summer NOUN Number=Plur 4 winter conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 winter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Hibernation for winter and hot dry summers tree rules 2 is present aestivation for hot dry summers tree rules
Example 5 After weeks of aestivation, the frogs woke when the rain fell.
case obl case nmod punct det nsubj advmod det nsubj advcl punct root After ADP weeks NOUN of ADP aestivation NOUN , PUNCT the DET frogs NOUN woke VERB when ADV the DET rain NOUN fell VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 2 weeks case 2 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 8 woke obl 3 of of ADP _ 4 aestivation case 4 aestivation aestivation NOUN Number=Sing 2 weeks nmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 weeks punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 frogs det 7 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 8 woke nsubj 8 woke wake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 when when ADV PronType=Int 12 fell advmod 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 rain det 11 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 12 fell nsubj 12 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 woke advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 woke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wake past the frogs week vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 fall past the rain vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The desert tortoise uses aestivation to escape the heat.
det compound nsubj obj mark advcl det obj punct root The DET desert NOUN tortoise NOUN uses VERB aestivation NOUN to PART escape VERB the DET heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tortoise det 2 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 3 tortoise compound 3 tortoise tortoise NOUN Number=Sing 4 uses nsubj 4 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 aestivation aestivation NOUN Number=Sing 4 uses obj 6 to to PART _ 7 escape mark 7 escape escape VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 uses advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 heat det 9 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 7 escape obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present the desert tortoise aestivation vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aestivation=Patient 2 escape to-infinitive the desert tortoise not said here the heat vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme heat=Initial_Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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