african Who acts: African, family, animals, African elephant, school, Nigeria · What happens: mean, be, come, use, live, name · To what, where: Africa, person, African, names, animals, largest land animal · Speech: someone speaks here
«african» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: african in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 African means from, of or about Africa, the second-largest continent.
The tree, 11 words nsubj case punct case cc case obl punct det amod punct amod conj punct root African ADJ means VERB from ADP , PUNCT of ADP or CCONJ about ADP Africa PROPN , PUNCT the DET second ADJ - PUNCT largest ADJ continent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 8 Africa case 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 Africa punct 5 of of ADP _ 8 Africa case 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 Africa cc 7 about about ADP _ 8 Africa case 8 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 2 means obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 continent punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 continent det 11 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 14 continent amod 12 - - PUNCT _ 11 second punct 13 largest large ADJ Degree=Sup 14 continent amod 14 continent continent NOUN Number=Sing 8 Africa conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
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1 mean present African Africa and the second largest continent vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An African is a person from Africa or whose family comes from Africa.
det nsubj cop det case nmod cc nmod:poss nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root An DET African NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN from ADP Africa PROPN or CCONJ whose PRON family NOUN comes VERB from ADP Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 African det 2 African african NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 from from ADP _ 7 Africa case 7 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 5 person nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 whose cc 9 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 10 family nmod:poss 10 family family NOUN Number=Sing 11 comes nsubj 11 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 12 from from ADP _ 13 Africa case 13 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 11 comes obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
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1 is a present a African a person Africa tree rules 2 come present family Africa vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from africa=Initial_Location
Meaning 3 African is also used in the names of animals and plants that live in Africa, like the African elephant.
The tree, 19 words nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case det obl case nmod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct case det amod obl punct root African ADJ is AUX also ADV used VERB in ADP the DET names NOUN of ADP animals NOUN and CCONJ plants NOUN that PRON live VERB in ADP Africa PROPN , PUNCT like ADP the DET African ADJ elephant NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 4 used nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 used aux:pass 3 also also ADV _ 4 used advmod 4 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 names case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 names det 7 names name NOUN Number=Plur 4 used obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 animals case 9 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 7 names nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 plants cc 11 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 9 animals conj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 live nsubj 13 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 animals acl:relcl 14 in in ADP _ 15 Africa case 15 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 13 live obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 elephant punct 17 like like ADP _ 20 elephant case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 elephant det 19 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 20 elephant amod 20 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 13 live obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
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1 use present · passive African the names of animals and plants vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 live present animals and plants Africa like the African elephant vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location 3 name animals and plants nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 The African elephant is the largest land animal.
det amod nsubj cop det amod compound punct root The DET African ADJ elephant NOUN is AUX the DET largest ADJ land NOUN animal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 elephant det 2 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 3 elephant amod 3 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 animal cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 animal det 6 largest large ADJ Degree=Sup 8 animal amod 7 land land NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal compound 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 animal punct
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1 is a present the African elephant the largest land animal tree rules
Example 2 Our school celebrated African music with a drumming workshop.
nmod:poss nsubj amod obj case det amod obl punct root Our PRON school NOUN celebrated VERB African ADJ music NOUN with ADP a DET drumming VERB workshop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 school nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 celebrated nsubj 3 celebrated celebrate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 5 music amod 5 music music NOUN Number=Sing 3 celebrated obj 6 with with ADP _ 9 workshop case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 workshop det 8 drumming drum VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 workshop amod 9 workshop workshop NOUN Number=Sing 3 celebrated obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 celebrated punct
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1 celebrate past Our school African music with a drumming workshop vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent music=Theme 2 drum gerund vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Nigeria and Kenya are both African countries.
nsubj cc conj cop advmod amod punct root Nigeria PROPN and CCONJ Kenya PROPN are AUX both ADV African ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nigeria Nigeria PROPN Number=Sing 7 countries nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 Kenya cc 3 Kenya Kenya PROPN Number=Sing 1 Nigeria conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 countries cop 5 both both ADV _ 7 countries advmod 6 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 7 countries amod 7 countries country NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 countries punct
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1 is a present Nigeria and Kenya African countries both property tree rules
Example 4 Her grandparents are African, from Ghana.
nmod:poss nsubj cop punct case vocative punct root Her PRON grandparents NOUN are AUX African ADJ , PUNCT from ADP Ghana PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 grandparents nmod:poss 2 grandparents grandparent NOUN Number=Plur 4 African nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 African cop 4 African African ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 Ghana punct 6 from from ADP _ 7 Ghana case 7 Ghana Ghana PROPN Number=Sing 4 African vocative 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 African punct
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1 is present Her grandparents Ghana vocative ; african property tree rules
Example 5 The African savanna has lions, zebras and giraffes.
det amod nsubj obj punct conj cc conj punct root The DET African ADJ savanna NOUN has VERB lions NOUN , PUNCT zebras NOUN and CCONJ giraffes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 savanna det 2 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 3 savanna amod 3 savanna savanna NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 zebras punct 7 zebras zebra NOUN Number=Plur 5 lions conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 giraffes cc 9 giraffes giraffe NOUN Number=Plur 5 lions conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
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1 have present the African savanna lions and zebras and giraffes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient
Example 6 We read a traditional African folk tale about Anansi the spider.
nsubj det amod amod compound obj case nmod det obl:unmarked punct root We PRON read VERB a DET traditional ADJ African ADJ folk NOUN tale NOUN about ADP Anansi PROPN the DET spider NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 read nsubj 2 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 tale det 4 traditional traditional ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tale amod 5 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tale amod 6 folk folk NOUN Number=Sing 7 tale compound 7 tale tale NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 8 about about ADP _ 9 Anansi case 9 Anansi Anansi PROPN Number=Sing 7 tale nmod 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 spider det 11 spider spider NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obl:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
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1 read past We a traditional African folk tale about Anansi; the spider obl:unmarked vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Topic
Example 7 Many African languages are spoken across the continent.
amod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Many ADJ African ADJ languages NOUN are AUX spoken VERB across ADP the DET continent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 languages amod 2 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 3 languages amod 3 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 5 spoken nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 spoken aux:pass 5 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 across across ADP _ 8 continent case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 continent det 8 continent continent NOUN Number=Sing 5 spoken obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 spoken punct
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1 speak speech: other present · passive Many African languages the continent tree rules
Example 8 The African grey parrot is very good at copying words.
det amod amod nsubj cop advmod mark advcl obj punct root The DET African ADJ grey ADJ parrot NOUN is AUX very ADV good ADJ at SCONJ copying VERB words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 parrot det 2 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 4 parrot amod 3 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 4 parrot amod 4 parrot parrot NOUN Number=Sing 7 good nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 good cop 6 very very ADV _ 7 good advmod 7 good good ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 at at SCONJ _ 9 copying mark 9 copying copy VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 good advcl 10 words word NOUN Number=Plur 9 copying obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 good punct
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1 is present the African grey parrot good property tree rules 2 copy gerund the African grey parrot not said here words vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
Example 9 The African magician had a younger brother, who was, if possible, more wicked and more cunning than himself.
The tree, 18 words det amod nsubj det amod obj punct nsubj cop punct mark advcl punct advmod conj cc advmod conj case obl punct root The DET African ADJ magician NOUN had VERB a DET younger ADJ brother NOUN , PUNCT who PRON was AUX , PUNCT if SCONJ possible ADJ , PUNCT more ADV wicked ADJ and CCONJ more ADV cunning NOUN than ADP himself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 magician det 2 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 3 magician amod 3 magician magician NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 brother det 6 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 brother amod 7 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 possible punct 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 13 possible nsubj 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 possible cop 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 possible punct 12 if if SCONJ _ 13 possible mark 13 possible possible ADJ Degree=Pos 7 brother advcl 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 wicked punct 15 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 16 wicked advmod 16 wicked wicked ADJ Degree=Pos 4 had conj 17 and and CCONJ _ 19 cunning cc 18 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 19 cunning advmod 19 cunning cunning NOUN Number=Sing 16 wicked conj 20 than than ADP _ 21 himself case 21 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 16 wicked obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
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1 have past the African magician a younger brother vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Patient 2 is a condition, not said to happen past a younger brother possible property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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