aloud Who acts: Aloud, other people, thoughts, you, your, Mum · What happens: mean, hear, read, think, say, count · To what, where: voice, thoughts, poem, class, us, puzzle · Speech: someone speaks here
«aloud» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: aloud in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Aloud means in a voice that other people can hear, not silently: read aloud.
The tree, 14 words nsubj case det obl obj amod nsubj aux acl:relcl punct advmod advmod punct conj advmod punct root Aloud ADJ means VERB in ADP a DET voice NOUN that PRON other ADJ people NOUN can AUX hear VERB , PUNCT not PART silently ADV : PUNCT read VERB aloud ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Aloud aloud ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 voice case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 voice det 5 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 hear obj 7 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 people amod 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 hear nsubj 9 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 hear aux 10 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 voice acl:relcl 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 silently punct 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 silently advmod 13 silently silently ADV _ 10 hear advmod 14 : : PUNCT _ 15 read punct 15 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 hear conj 16 aloud aloud ADV _ 15 read advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Aloud in a voice vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in voice=Attribute 2 hear can other people a voice silently property vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus 3 read infinitive other people not said here aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «Think aloud» means say your thoughts as you think them.
punct csubj advmod punct ccomp nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root « PUNCT Think VERB aloud ADV » PUNCT means VERB say VERB your PRON thoughts NOUN as SCONJ you PRON think VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Think punct 2 Think think VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 aloud aloud ADV _ 2 Think advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Think punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means ccomp 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 thoughts nmod:poss 8 thoughts thought NOUN Number=Plur 6 say obj 9 as as SCONJ _ 11 think mark 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 think nsubj 11 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 say advcl 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 think obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other in a quote infinitive aloud property vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 say speech: assert infinitive your thoughts vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 think speech: other present you thoughts = thought vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot they=Theme 5 think your nom thought «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Please read the poem aloud to the class.
discourse det obj advmod case det obl punct root Please INTJ read VERB the DET poem NOUN aloud ADV to ADP the DET class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 read discourse 2 read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 poem det 4 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 5 aloud aloud ADV _ 2 read advmod 6 to to ADP _ 8 class case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 class det 8 class class NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the poem the class aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent poem=Topic to class=Recipient
Example 2 Mum reads aloud to us every night.
nsubj advmod case obl det obl:unmarked punct root Mum NOUN reads VERB aloud ADV to ADP us PRON every DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 reads nsubj 2 reads read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 aloud aloud ADV _ 2 reads advmod 4 to to ADP _ 5 us case 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 reads obl 6 every every DET PronType=Tot 7 night det 7 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 reads obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 reads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read present Mum us night aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to we=Recipient
Example 3 I counted aloud to ten.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root I PRON counted VERB aloud ADV to ADP ten NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 counted nsubj 2 counted count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 aloud aloud ADV _ 2 counted advmod 4 to to ADP _ 5 ten case 5 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 counted obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 counted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count past I to ten; aloud property vn matter-91 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ten=Experiencer
Example 4 She thought aloud while solving the puzzle.
nsubj advmod mark advcl det obj punct root She PRON thought VERB aloud ADV while SCONJ solving VERB the DET puzzle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 thought nsubj 2 thought think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 aloud aloud ADV _ 2 thought advmod 4 while while SCONJ _ 5 solving mark 5 solving solve VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 thought advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 puzzle det 7 puzzle puzzle NOUN Number=Sing 5 solving obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 thought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other past She aloud property vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 solve gerund She not said here the puzzle vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic
Example 5 Don't say the answer aloud — write it down.
aux advmod det obj advmod punct conj obj compound:prt punct root Do AUX n't PART say VERB the DET answer NOUN aloud ADV — PUNCT write VERB it PRON down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 say aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 say advmod 3 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 answer det 5 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 3 say obj 6 aloud aloud ADV _ 3 say advmod 7 — - PUNCT _ 8 write punct 8 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 say conj 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 write obj 10 down down ADP _ 8 write compound:prt 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not say speech: assert imperative · do-support you not said here the answer aloud property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent answer=Topic 2 write down infinitive you not said here answer vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 6 He laughed aloud at the joke.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root He PRON laughed VERB aloud ADV at ADP the DET joke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 laughed nsubj 2 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 aloud aloud ADV _ 2 laughed advmod 4 at at ADP _ 6 joke case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 joke det 6 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 2 laughed obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 laughed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh past He the joke aloud property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 She was praying the Lord's prayer aloud.
nsubj aux det nmod:poss case obj advmod punct root She PRON was AUX praying VERB the DET Lord PROPN 's PART prayer NOUN aloud ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 praying nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 praying aux 3 praying pray VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Lord det 5 Lord Lord PROPN Number=Sing 7 prayer nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 Lord case 7 prayer prayer NOUN Number=Sing 3 praying obj 8 aloud aloud ADV _ 3 praying advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 praying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pray past · progressive She the Lord's prayer aloud property tree rules 2 pray the Lord nom prayer «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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