antibiotic Who acts: medicine, doctor, my, Antibiotics, viruses, you · What happens: kill, stop, grow, use, treat, cause · To what, where: bacteria, infections, antibiotics, me, colds, whole course · Speech: someone speaks here
«antibiotic» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: antibiotic in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A medicine that kills bacteria or stops them from growing, used to treat infections caused by bacteria, like some ear or chest infections.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj obj mark advcl punct parataxis mark advcl obj acl case obl:agent punct case det compound cc conj obl punct root A DET medicine NOUN that PRON kills VERB bacteria NOUN or CCONJ stops VERB them PRON from SCONJ growing VERB , PUNCT used VERB to PART treat VERB infections NOUN caused VERB by ADP bacteria NOUN , PUNCT like ADP some DET ear NOUN or CCONJ chest NOUN infections NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 medicine det 2 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 kills nsubj 4 kills kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 medicine acl:relcl 5 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 4 kills obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 stops cc 7 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 kills conj 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 stops obj 9 from from SCONJ _ 10 growing mark 10 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 stops advcl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 used punct 12 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 kills parataxis 13 to to PART _ 14 treat mark 14 treat treat VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 used advcl 15 infections infection NOUN Number=Plur 14 treat obj 16 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 infections acl 17 by by ADP _ 18 bacteria case 18 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 16 caused obl:agent 19 , , PUNCT _ 25 infections punct 20 like like ADP _ 25 infections case 21 some some DET PronType=Ind 25 infections det 22 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 25 infections compound 23 or or CCONJ _ 24 chest cc 24 chest chest NOUN Number=Sing 22 ear conj 25 infections infection NOUN Number=Plur 16 caused obl 26 . . PUNCT _ 4 kills punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill present a medicine bacteria vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Theme 2 stop present a medicine not said here bacteria = bacterium vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality they=Eventuality 3 grow gerund a medicine not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 treat to-infinitive infections vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent infection=Recipient 6 cause participle infections not said here like some ear infections vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The doctor gave me antibiotics for my ear infection.
det nsubj iobj obj case nmod:poss compound nmod punct root The DET doctor NOUN gave VERB me PRON antibiotics NOUN for ADP my PRON ear NOUN infection NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 gave iobj 5 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN Number=Plur 3 gave obj 6 for for ADP _ 9 infection case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 infection nmod:poss 8 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 9 infection compound 9 infection infection NOUN Number=Sing 5 antibiotics nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the doctor antibiotics me for my ear infection vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent i=Recipient antibiotic=Theme for infection=Asset 2 infect my nom infection «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 Antibiotics don't work on colds, because colds are caused by viruses.
nsubj aux advmod case obl punct mark nsubj aux:pass advcl case obl punct root Antibiotics NOUN do AUX n't PART work VERB on ADP colds NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ colds NOUN are AUX caused VERB by ADP viruses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Antibiotics antibiotic NOUN Number=Plur 4 work nsubj 2 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 work aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 work advmod 4 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 on on ADP _ 6 colds case 6 colds cold NOUN Number=Plur 4 work obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 caused punct 8 because because SCONJ _ 11 caused mark 9 colds cold NOUN Number=Plur 11 caused nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 caused aux:pass 11 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 work advcl 12 by by ADP _ 13 viruses case 13 viruses virus NOUN Number=Plur 11 caused obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not work present · do-support Antibiotics on colds vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on cold=Theme 2 cause present · passive viruses colds vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
Example 3 Finish the whole course of antibiotics.
det amod obj case nmod punct root Finish VERB the DET whole ADJ course NOUN of ADP antibiotics NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Finish finish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 course det 3 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 4 course amod 4 course course NOUN Number=Sing 1 Finish obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 antibiotics case 6 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN Number=Plur 4 course nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Finish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 finish imperative you not said here the whole course of antibiotics vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality course=Eventuality
Example 4 Penicillin was the first antibiotic.
nsubj cop det amod punct root Penicillin PROPN was AUX the DET first ADJ antibiotic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Penicillin Penicillin PROPN Number=Sing 5 antibiotic nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 antibiotic cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 antibiotic det 4 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 5 antibiotic amod 5 antibiotic antibiotic NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 antibiotic punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Penicillin the first antibiotic tree rules
Example 5 She put antibiotic cream on the infected cut.
nsubj amod obj case det amod obl punct root She PRON put VERB antibiotic ADJ cream NOUN on ADP the DET infected VERB cut NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 antibiotic antibiotic ADJ Degree=Pos 4 cream amod 4 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 5 on on ADP _ 8 cut case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 cut det 7 infected infect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 cut amod 8 cut cut NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past She antibiotic cream the infected cut vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent cream=Theme on cut=Destination 2 infect participle vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Never take someone else's antibiotics.
advmod nmod:poss advmod case obj punct root Never ADV take VERB someone PRON else ADV 's PART antibiotics NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 take advmod 2 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 antibiotics nmod:poss 4 else else ADV _ 3 someone advmod 5 's 's PART _ 3 someone case 6 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN Number=Plur 2 take obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not take imperative you not said here someone's antibiotics vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antibiotic=Theme
Example 7 Take your antibiotic with food, the label says.
nmod:poss obj case obl punct det nsubj conj punct root Take VERB your PRON antibiotic NOUN with ADP food NOUN , PUNCT the DET label NOUN says VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 antibiotic nmod:poss 3 antibiotic antibiotic NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obj 4 with with ADP _ 5 food case 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 says punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 label det 8 label label NOUN Number=Sing 9 says nsubj 9 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Take conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take imperative you not said here your antibiotic with food vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antibiotic=Theme 2 say speech: assert present the label vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Bacteria can become resistant if antibiotics are overused.
nsubj aux xcomp mark nsubj aux:pass advcl punct root Bacteria NOUN can AUX become VERB resistant ADJ if SCONJ antibiotics NOUN are AUX overused VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 3 become nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 become aux 3 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 resistant resistant ADJ Degree=Pos 3 become xcomp 5 if if SCONJ _ 8 overused mark 6 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN Number=Plur 8 overused nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 overused aux:pass 8 overused overuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 become advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 become punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become can Bacteria resistant property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 overuse a condition, not said to happen present · passive antibiotics tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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