antifreeze Who acts: Antifreeze, Dad, you, fish, Salt, mechanic · What happens: be, add, stop, freeze, help, keep · To what, where: liquid, car engine, Antifreeze, cold weather, engine, car
«antifreeze» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: antifreeze in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Antifreeze is a liquid added to the water in a car engine (and some other machines) to stop it freezing in cold weather and to help keep the engine cool.
The tree, 30 words nsubj cop det acl case det obl case det compound obl punct cc det amod appos punct mark advcl obj xcomp case amod obl cc mark conj xcomp det obj xcomp punct root Antifreeze NOUN is AUX a DET liquid NOUN added VERB to ADP the DET water NOUN in ADP a DET car NOUN engine NOUN ( PUNCT and CCONJ some DET other ADJ machines NOUN ) PUNCT to PART stop VERB it PRON freezing VERB in ADP cold ADJ weather NOUN and CCONJ to PART help VERB keep VERB the DET engine NOUN cool ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Antifreeze antifreeze NOUN Number=Sing 4 liquid nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 liquid cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 liquid det 4 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 added add VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 liquid acl 6 to to ADP _ 8 water case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 water det 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 added obl 9 in in ADP _ 12 engine case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 engine det 11 car car NOUN Number=Sing 12 engine compound 12 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 5 added obl 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 17 machines punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 machines cc 15 some some DET PronType=Ind 17 machines det 16 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 17 machines amod 17 machines machine NOUN Number=Plur 12 engine appos 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 17 machines punct 19 to to PART _ 20 stop mark 20 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 added advcl 21 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 stop obj 22 freezing freeze VERB VerbForm=Ger 20 stop xcomp 23 in in ADP _ 25 weather case 24 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 25 weather amod 25 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 22 freezing obl 26 and and CCONJ _ 28 help cc 27 to to PART _ 28 help mark 28 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 stop conj 29 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 28 help xcomp 30 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 31 engine det 31 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 29 keep obj 32 cool cool ADJ Degree=Pos 29 keep xcomp 33 . . PUNCT _ 4 liquid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Antifreeze a liquid tree rules 2 add speech: assert participle a liquid not said here a car engine to the water vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to water=Co-Patient 3 stop to-infinitive Antifreeze tree rules 4 freeze gerund cold weather vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 5 help to-infinitive vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 6 keep infinitive the engine cool property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Dad put antifreeze in the car before winter.
nsubj obj case det obl case obl punct root Dad NOUN put VERB antifreeze NOUN in ADP the DET car NOUN before ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 antifreeze antifreeze NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 car case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 car det 6 car car NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 7 before before ADP _ 8 winter case 8 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past Dad antifreeze the car winter vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent antifreeze=Theme in car=Destination
Example 2 Antifreeze stops the water in the engine from freezing.
nsubj det obj case det obl case nmod punct root Antifreeze NOUN stops VERB the DET water NOUN in ADP the DET engine NOUN from ADP freezing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Antifreeze antifreeze NOUN Number=Sing 2 stops nsubj 2 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 water det 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 stops obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 engine case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 engine det 7 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 2 stops obl 8 from from ADP _ 9 freezing case 9 freezing freezing NOUN Number=Sing 7 engine nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 stops punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present Antifreeze the water the engine from freezing vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality water=Eventuality
Example 3 Antifreeze is poisonous, so never touch it.
nsubj cop punct advmod advmod parataxis obj punct root Antifreeze NOUN is AUX poisonous ADJ , PUNCT so ADV never ADV touch VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Antifreeze antifreeze NOUN Number=Sing 3 poisonous nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 poisonous cop 3 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 touch punct 5 so so ADV _ 7 touch advmod 6 never never ADV PronType=Neg 7 touch advmod 7 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 poisonous parataxis 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 touch obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 poisonous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Antifreeze poisonous property tree rules 2 not touch infinitive Antifreeze vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme
Example 4 Cats can be poisoned by drinking spilled antifreeze.
nsubj:pass aux aux:pass mark advcl amod obj punct root Cats NOUN can AUX be AUX poisoned VERB by SCONJ drinking VERB spilled VERB antifreeze NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 4 poisoned nsubj:pass 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 poisoned aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 poisoned aux:pass 4 poisoned poison VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by SCONJ _ 6 drinking mark 6 drinking drink VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 poisoned advcl 7 spilled spill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 antifreeze amod 8 antifreeze antifreeze NOUN Number=Sing 6 drinking obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 poisoned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 poison can · passive Cats vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 drink gerund spilled antifreeze vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antifreeze=Patient 3 spill participle vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Keep antifreeze locked away from children and pets.
obj acl advmod case obl cc conj punct root Keep VERB antifreeze NOUN locked VERB away ADV from ADP children NOUN and CCONJ pets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 antifreeze antifreeze NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obj 3 locked lock VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 antifreeze acl 4 away away ADV _ 3 locked advmod 5 from from ADP _ 6 children case 6 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 locked obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 pets cc 8 pets pet NOUN Number=Plur 6 children conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here antifreeze vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antifreeze=Theme 2 lock away participle antifreeze not said here from children and pets; away property vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 6 Some fish in the Antarctic have natural antifreeze in their blood.
det nsubj case det nmod amod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Some DET fish NOUN in ADP the DET Antarctic PROPN have VERB natural ADJ antifreeze NOUN in ADP their PRON blood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 fish det 2 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 6 have nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 Antarctic case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Antarctic det 5 Antarctic Antarctic PROPN Number=Sing 2 fish nmod 6 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 8 antifreeze amod 8 antifreeze antifreeze NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 blood case 10 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 blood nmod:poss 11 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present some fish in the Antarctic natural antifreeze fish's blood vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antifreeze=Patient
Example 7 Salt works a bit like antifreeze on icy roads.
nsubj det obj case obl case amod nmod punct root Salt NOUN works VERB a DET bit NOUN like ADP antifreeze NOUN on ADP icy ADJ roads NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 2 works nsubj 2 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 bit det 4 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 2 works obj 5 like like ADP _ 6 antifreeze case 6 antifreeze antifreeze NOUN Number=Sing 2 works obl 7 on on ADP _ 9 roads case 8 icy icy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 roads amod 9 roads road NOUN Number=Plur 6 antifreeze nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present Salt a bit like antifreeze on icy roads vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent bit=Material
Example 8 The mechanic checked the antifreeze level.
det nsubj det compound obj punct root The DET mechanic NOUN checked VERB the DET antifreeze NOUN level NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 mechanic det 2 mechanic mechanic NOUN Number=Sing 3 checked nsubj 3 checked check VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 level det 5 antifreeze antifreeze NOUN Number=Sing 6 level compound 6 level level NOUN Number=Sing 3 checked obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 checked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check past the mechanic the antifreeze level vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent level=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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