backup Who acts: more police, Something, you, laptop, I, it · What happens: keep, lose, copy, join, need, fail · To what, where: computer files, first copy, extra copy, first plan, backup, memory stick · Speech: someone speaks here
«backup» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: backup in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An extra copy of computer files kept safe in case the first copy is lost.
The tree, 15 words det amod nsubj:pass case compound nmod acl xcomp case fixed det amod obl aux:pass punct root An DET extra ADJ copy NOUN of ADP computer NOUN files NOUN kept VERB safe ADJ in ADP case NOUN the DET first ADJ copy NOUN is AUX lost VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 copy det 2 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 3 copy amod 3 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 15 lost nsubj:pass 4 of of ADP _ 6 files case 5 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 6 files compound 6 files file NOUN Number=Plur 3 copy nmod 7 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 files acl 8 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 7 kept xcomp 9 in in ADP ExtPos=ADP 13 copy case 10 case case NOUN Number=Sing 9 in fixed 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 copy det 12 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 13 copy amod 13 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 7 kept obl 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 lost aux:pass 15 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 16 . . PUNCT _ 15 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep participle computer files not said here the first copy safe property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in copy=Location 2 lose present · passive a extra copy of computer files vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality 3 copy computer files nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Extra help or support, such as more police or players who can join when needed.
The tree, 15 words amod cc conj punct case fixed amod conj cc conj nsubj aux acl:relcl advmod advcl punct root Extra ADJ help NOUN or CCONJ support NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP more ADJ police NOUN or CCONJ players NOUN who PRON can AUX join VERB when ADV needed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 2 help amod 2 help help NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 support cc 4 support support NOUN Number=Sing 2 help conj 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 police punct 6 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 9 police case 7 as as ADP _ 6 such fixed 8 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 police amod 9 police police NOUN Number=Plur 2 help conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 players cc 11 players player NOUN Number=Plur 9 police conj 12 who who PRON PronType=Rel 14 join nsubj 13 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 join aux 14 join join VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 police acl:relcl 15 when when ADV PronType=Int 16 needed advmod 16 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 join advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join can more police or players vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 need participle more police or players not said here vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Meaning 3 Something kept ready in case the first plan fails, like a backup plan.
The tree, 13 words nsubj acl xcomp case fixed det amod obl punct case det compound obl punct root Something PRON kept VERB ready ADJ in ADP case NOUN the DET first ADJ plan NOUN fails VERB , PUNCT like ADP a DET backup NOUN plan NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 fails nsubj 2 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Something acl 3 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 2 kept xcomp 4 in in ADP ExtPos=ADP 8 plan case 5 case case NOUN Number=Sing 4 in fixed 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 plan det 7 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 plan amod 8 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 2 kept obl 9 fails fail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 plan punct 11 like like ADP _ 14 plan case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 plan det 13 backup backup NOUN Number=Sing 14 plan compound 14 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 9 fails obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 fails punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep participle the first plan ready property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in plan=Location 2 fail present Something like a backup plan vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.
A traffic jam or a blockage, such as a sink backup.
det compound cc det conj punct case fixed det compound conj punct root A DET traffic NOUN jam NOUN or CCONJ a DET blockage NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET sink NOUN backup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 jam det 2 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 3 jam compound 3 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 blockage cc 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 blockage det 6 blockage blockage NOUN Number=Sing 3 jam conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 backup punct 8 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 12 backup case 9 as as ADP _ 8 such fixed 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 backup det 11 sink sink NOUN Number=Sing 12 backup compound 12 backup backup NOUN Number=Sing 3 jam conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 jam punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 Always make a backup of your homework on a memory stick.
advmod det obj case nmod:poss nmod case det compound obl punct root Always ADV make VERB a DET backup NOUN of ADP your PRON homework NOUN on ADP a DET memory NOUN stick NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 make advmod 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 backup det 4 backup backup NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 homework case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 homework nmod:poss 7 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 4 backup nmod 8 on on ADP _ 11 stick case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 stick det 10 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing 11 stick compound 11 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make imperative you not said here a backup of your homework a memory stick always property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset backup=Product
Example 2 My laptop broke, but I had a backup in the cloud.
nmod:poss nsubj punct cc nsubj conj det obj case det obl punct root My PRON laptop NOUN broke VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ I PRON had VERB a DET backup NOUN in ADP the DET cloud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 laptop nmod:poss 2 laptop laptop NOUN Number=Sing 3 broke nsubj 3 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 had punct 5 but but CCONJ _ 7 had cc 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 had nsubj 7 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 broke conj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 backup det 9 backup backup NOUN Number=Sing 7 had obj 10 in in ADP _ 12 cloud case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 cloud det 12 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing 7 had obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past My laptop vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 have past I a backup the cloud vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backup=Patient
Example 3 If it rains, our backup plan is the cinema.
mark nsubj advcl punct nmod:poss amod nsubj cop det punct root If SCONJ it PRON rains VERB , PUNCT our PRON backup ADJ plan NOUN is AUX the DET cinema NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 rains mark 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 rains nsubj 3 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cinema advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 rains punct 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 plan nmod:poss 6 backup backup ADJ Degree=Pos 7 plan amod 7 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 10 cinema nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cinema cop 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 cinema det 10 cinema cinema NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 cinema punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain a condition, not said to happen present it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 is a present our backup plan the cinema tree rules 3 plan our nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The officer called for backup.
det acl case obl punct root The DET officer NOUN called VERB for ADP backup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 officer det 2 officer officer NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 officer acl 4 for for ADP _ 5 backup case 5 backup backup NOUN Number=Sing 3 called obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 officer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call participle the officer not said here for backup vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for backup=Recipient
Example 5 The backup goalkeeper came on in the second half.
det compound nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root The DET backup NOUN goalkeeper NOUN came VERB on ADV in ADP the DET second ADJ half NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 goalkeeper det 2 backup backup NOUN Number=Sing 3 goalkeeper compound 3 goalkeeper goalkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADV _ 4 came advmod 6 in in ADP _ 9 half case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 half det 8 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 9 half amod 9 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 4 came obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come on past the backup goalkeeper the second half vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in half=Location
Example 6 Please back up your files before the update.
discourse compound:prt nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Please INTJ back VERB up ADP your PRON files NOUN before ADP the DET update NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 back discourse 2 back back VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 back compound:prt 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 files nmod:poss 5 files file NOUN Number=Plur 2 back obj 6 before before ADP _ 8 update case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 update det 8 update update NOUN Number=Sing 2 back obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 back punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 back up imperative you not said here your files the update vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent file=Theme before update=Trajectory 2 file your nom file «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 My friend backed me up when I told the truth.
nmod:poss nsubj obj compound:prt advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root My PRON friend NOUN backed VERB me PRON up ADP when ADV I PRON told VERB the DET truth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 backed nsubj 3 backed back VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 backed obj 5 up up ADP _ 3 backed compound:prt 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 told advmod 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 told nsubj 8 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 backed advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 truth det 10 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 8 told obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 backed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 back up past My friend me vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Agent 2 tell speech: assert past I the truth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
Example 8 There was a backup of cars on the motorway.
expl det nsubj case nmod case det nmod punct root There PRON was VERB a DET backup NOUN of ADP cars NOUN on ADP the DET motorway NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 backup det 4 backup backup NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 6 cars case 6 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 4 backup nmod 7 on on ADP _ 9 motorway case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 motorway det 9 motorway motorway NOUN Number=Sing 6 cars nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a backup of cars on the motorway there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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