bacteriophage Who acts: virus, bacteriophage, Phages, antibiotics, Scientists, science poster · What happens: infect, kill, shorten, attack, look, help · To what, where: bacteria, virus, bacteriophages, river water, DNA, bacterium
«bacteriophage» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bacteriophage in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A virus that infects and kills bacteria; often shortened to «phage».
The tree, 11 words det nsubj:pass nsubj acl:relcl cc conj obj punct advmod case punct obl punct punct root A DET virus NOUN that PRON infects VERB and CCONJ kills VERB bacteria NOUN ; PUNCT often ADV shortened VERB to ADP « PUNCT phage NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 virus det 2 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 10 shortened nsubj:pass 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 infects nsubj 4 infects infect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 virus acl:relcl 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 kills cc 6 kills kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 infects conj 7 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 6 kills obj 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 shortened punct 9 often often ADV _ 10 shortened advmod 10 shortened shorten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 11 to to ADP _ 13 phage case 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 phage punct 13 phage phage NOUN Number=Sing 10 shortened obl 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 phage punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 shortened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 infect present a virus vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 2 kill present a virus not said here bacteria vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Theme 3 shorten participle · passive a virus to phage; often property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A bacteriophage attacks only bacteria.
det nsubj advmod obj punct root A DET bacteriophage NOUN attacks VERB only ADV bacteria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bacteriophage det 2 bacteriophage bacteriophage NOUN Number=Sing 3 attacks nsubj 3 attacks attack VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 only only ADV _ 5 bacteria advmod 5 bacteria bacteria NOUN Number=Sing 3 attacks obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 attacks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attack present a bacteriophage bacteria vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Patient
Example 2 The bacteriophage looks like a tiny lunar lander.
det nsubj case det amod amod obl punct root The DET bacteriophage NOUN looks VERB like ADP a DET tiny ADJ lunar ADJ lander NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bacteriophage det 2 bacteriophage bacteriophage NOUN Number=Sing 3 looks nsubj 3 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 like like ADP _ 8 lander case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 lander det 6 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 8 lander amod 7 lunar lunar ADJ Degree=Pos 8 lander amod 8 lander lander NOUN Number=Sing 3 looks obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 looks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present the bacteriophage like a tiny lunar lander vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 3 Phages could help when antibiotics fail.
nsubj aux mark nsubj advcl punct root Phages NOUN could AUX help VERB when SCONJ antibiotics NOUN fail VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Phages phage NOUN Number=Plur 3 help nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 help aux 3 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 6 fail mark 5 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN Number=Plur 6 fail nsubj 6 fail fail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 help advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help could Phages vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 fail present antibiotics vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Scientists found bacteriophages in river water.
nsubj obj case compound obl punct root Scientists NOUN found VERB bacteriophages NOUN in ADP river NOUN water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bacteriophages bacteriophage NOUN Number=Plur 2 found obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 water case 5 river river NOUN Number=Sing 6 water compound 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past Scientists bacteriophages river water vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteriophage=Topic
Example 5 A bacteriophage injects its DNA into a bacterium.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root A DET bacteriophage NOUN injects VERB its PRON DNA NOUN into ADP a DET bacterium NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bacteriophage det 2 bacteriophage bacteriophage NOUN Number=Sing 3 injects nsubj 3 injects inject VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 DNA nmod:poss 5 DNA DNA NOUN Number=Sing 3 injects obj 6 into into ADP _ 8 bacterium case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 bacterium det 8 bacterium bacterium NOUN Number=Sing 3 injects obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 injects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 inject present a bacteriophage bacteriophage's DNA a bacterium vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dna=Patient
Example 6 Our science poster showed a bacteriophage.
nmod:poss compound nsubj det obj punct root Our PRON science NOUN poster NOUN showed VERB a DET bacteriophage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 poster nmod:poss 2 science science NOUN Number=Sing 3 poster compound 3 poster poster NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bacteriophage det 6 bacteriophage bacteriophage NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Our science poster a bacteriophage vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bacteriophage=Recipient 2 post Our nom poster «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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