beginner Who acts: beginner, person, I, This, ski slope, Everyone · What happens: be, start, learn, do, not have, not be · To what, where: person, something, much skill, beginner, guitar, book
«beginner» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: beginner in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A beginner is a person who is just starting to learn or do something and does not have much skill yet.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl mark xcomp cc conj obj cc aux advmod conj amod obj advmod punct root A DET beginner NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON is AUX just ADV starting VERB to PART learn VERB or CCONJ do VERB something PRON and CCONJ does AUX not PART have VERB much ADJ skill NOUN yet ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 beginner det 2 beginner beginner NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 starting nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 starting aux 8 just just ADV _ 9 starting advmod 9 starting start VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 person acl:relcl 10 to to PART _ 11 learn mark 11 learn learn VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 starting xcomp 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 do cc 13 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 learn conj 14 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 do obj 15 and and CCONJ _ 18 have cc 16 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 have aux 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 have advmod 18 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 learn conj 19 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 20 skill amod 20 skill skill NOUN Number=Sing 18 have obj 21 yet yet ADV _ 18 have advmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a beginner a person tree rules 2 start present · progressive a person vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 learn to-infinitive a person not said here vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 do infinitive a person not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 5 not have present · do-support a person not said here much skill yet vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 I'm a beginner at the guitar.
nsubj cop det case det nmod punct root I PRON 'm AUX a DET beginner NOUN at ADP the DET guitar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 beginner nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 beginner cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 beginner det 4 beginner beginner NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 at at ADP _ 7 guitar case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 guitar det 7 guitar guitar NOUN Number=Sing 4 beginner nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 beginner punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present I a beginner the guitar tree rules
Example 2 This is a book for beginners.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root This PRON is AUX a DET book NOUN for ADP beginners NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 book nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 book cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 book det 4 book book NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 beginners case 6 beginners beginner NOUN Number=Plur 4 book nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 book punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present This a book for beginners tree rules
Example 3 The ski slope for beginners is not steep.
det compound nsubj case nmod cop advmod punct root The DET ski NOUN slope NOUN for ADP beginners NOUN is AUX not PART steep ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 slope det 2 ski ski NOUN Number=Sing 3 slope compound 3 slope slope NOUN Number=Sing 8 steep nsubj 4 for for ADP _ 5 beginners case 5 beginners beginner NOUN Number=Plur 3 slope nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 steep cop 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 steep advmod 8 steep steep ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 steep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present the ski slope for beginners steep property tree rules
Example 4 Everyone was a beginner once.
nsubj cop det advmod punct root Everyone PRON was AUX a DET beginner NOUN once ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 beginner nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 beginner cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 beginner det 4 beginner beginner NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 4 beginner advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 beginner punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Everyone a beginner once property tree rules
Example 5 She won the game with beginner's luck.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss case obl punct root She PRON won VERB the DET game NOUN with ADP beginner NOUN 's PART luck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 won nsubj 2 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 game det 4 game game NOUN Number=Sing 2 won obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 luck case 6 beginner beginner NOUN Number=Sing 8 luck nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 beginner case 8 luck luck NOUN Number=Sing 2 won obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past She the game with beginner's luck vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality
Example 6 Beginners should swim in the shallow end.
nsubj aux case det amod obl punct root Beginners NOUN should AUX swim VERB in ADP the DET shallow ADJ end NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Beginners beginner NOUN Number=Plur 3 swim nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 swim aux 3 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 end case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 end det 6 shallow shallow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 end amod 7 end end NOUN Number=Sing 3 swim obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim should Beginners in the shallow end vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in end=Trajectory
Example 7 He's a complete beginner, so be patient.
nsubj cop det amod punct advmod cop conj punct root He PRON 's AUX a DET complete ADJ beginner NOUN , PUNCT so ADV be AUX patient ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 beginner nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 beginner cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 beginner det 4 complete complete ADJ Degree=Pos 5 beginner amod 5 beginner beginner NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 patient punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 patient advmod 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 patient cop 9 patient patient ADJ Degree=Pos 5 beginner conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 beginner punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present He a complete beginner tree rules 2 is infinitive He not said here patient property tree rules
Example 8 We start with beginner piano pieces.
nsubj case compound compound obl punct root We PRON start VERB with ADP beginner NOUN piano NOUN pieces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 start nsubj 2 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 6 pieces case 4 beginner beginner NOUN Number=Sing 5 piano compound 5 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 6 pieces compound 6 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 2 start obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present We with piano pieces vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with piece=Subeventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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