berlin Who acts: Berlin, Berlin Wall, Wall, Germany, People, We · What happens: be, divide, come down, become, wheel, split · To what, where: capital city, Berlin, history, one country, old kind, capital
«berlin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: berlin in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and its largest city.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod cc nmod:poss amod conj punct root Berlin PROPN is AUX the DET capital ADJ city NOUN of ADP Germany PROPN and CCONJ its PRON largest ADJ city NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 5 city nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 city cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 city det 4 capital capital ADJ Degree=Pos 5 city amod 5 city city NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 Germany case 7 Germany Germany PROPN Number=Sing 5 city nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 11 city cc 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 city nmod:poss 10 largest large ADJ Degree=Sup 11 city amod 11 city city NOUN Number=Sing 5 city conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 city punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Berlin the capital city and its largest city of Germany tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In history, Berlin was divided into East and West Berlin by the Berlin Wall during the Cold War; the Wall came down and Germany became one country again.
The tree, 28 words case obl punct nsubj aux:pass case obl cc compound conj case det compound obl case det amod obl punct det nsubj parataxis advmod cc nsubj conj nummod xcomp advmod punct root In ADP history NOUN , PUNCT Berlin PROPN was AUX divided VERB into ADP East PROPN and CCONJ West PROPN Berlin PROPN by ADP the DET Berlin PROPN Wall PROPN during ADP the DET Cold ADJ War PROPN ; PUNCT the DET Wall PROPN came VERB down ADV and CCONJ Germany PROPN became VERB one NUM country NOUN again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 history case 2 history history NOUN Number=Sing 6 divided obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 history punct 4 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 6 divided nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 divided aux:pass 6 divided divide VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 into into ADP _ 8 East case 8 East East PROPN Number=Sing 6 divided obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 Berlin cc 10 West West PROPN Number=Sing 11 Berlin compound 11 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 8 East conj 12 by by ADP _ 15 Wall case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 Wall det 14 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 15 Wall compound 15 Wall Wall PROPN Number=Sing 6 divided obl 16 during during ADP _ 19 War case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 War det 18 Cold Cold ADJ Degree=Pos 19 War amod 19 War War PROPN Number=Sing 6 divided obl 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 23 came punct 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 Wall det 22 Wall Wall PROPN Number=Sing 23 came nsubj 23 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 divided parataxis 24 down down ADV _ 23 came advmod 25 and and CCONJ _ 27 became cc 26 Germany Germany PROPN Number=Sing 27 became nsubj 27 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 23 came conj 28 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 29 country nummod 29 country country NOUN Number=Sing 27 became xcomp 30 again again ADV _ 27 became advmod 31 . . PUNCT _ 6 divided punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 divide past · passive the Berlin Wall Berlin history during the Cold War into East and West Berlin vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme 2 come down past the Wall down property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 become past Germany one country again vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.
A berlin (berline) is an old kind of four-wheeled carriage.
The tree, 11 words det nsubj punct appos punct cop det amod case nummod punct amod nmod punct root A DET berlin NOUN ( PUNCT berline NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX an DET old ADJ kind NOUN of ADP four NUM - PUNCT wheeled VERB carriage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 berlin det 2 berlin berlin NOUN Number=Sing 9 kind nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 berline punct 4 berline berline NOUN Number=Sing 2 berlin appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 berline punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 kind cop 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 kind det 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 kind amod 9 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 of of ADP _ 14 carriage case 11 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 carriage nummod 12 - - PUNCT _ 11 four punct 13 wheeled wheel VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 carriage amod 14 carriage carriage NOUN Number=Sing 9 kind nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a berlin a old kind of four wheeled carriage tree rules 2 wheel participle vn drive-11.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Berlin is the capital of Germany.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Berlin PROPN is AUX the DET capital NOUN of ADP Germany PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 4 capital nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 capital cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 capital det 4 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 Germany case 6 Germany Germany PROPN Number=Sing 4 capital nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 capital punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Berlin the capital of Germany tree rules
Example 2 The Berlin Wall split the city in two.
det compound nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET Berlin PROPN Wall PROPN split VERB the DET city NOUN in ADP two NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Wall det 2 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 3 Wall compound 3 Wall Wall PROPN Number=Sing 4 split nsubj 4 split split VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 city det 6 city city NOUN Number=Sing 4 split obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 two case 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 split obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 split punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 split past the Berlin Wall the city two vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient
Example 3 People danced on the Berlin Wall the night it opened.
nsubj case det compound obl det obl:unmarked nsubj acl:relcl punct root People NOUN danced VERB on ADP the DET Berlin PROPN Wall PROPN the DET night NOUN it PRON opened VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 2 danced nsubj 2 danced dance VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 6 Wall case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Wall det 5 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 6 Wall compound 6 Wall Wall PROPN Number=Sing 2 danced obl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 night det 8 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 danced obl:unmarked 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 opened nsubj 10 opened open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 night acl:relcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 danced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dance past People the Berlin Wall night vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on wall=Location 2 open past Wall the night not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location night=Theme
Example 4 We saw a piece of the Berlin Wall in a museum.
nsubj det obj case det compound nmod case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET piece NOUN of ADP the DET Berlin PROPN Wall PROPN in ADP a DET museum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 piece det 4 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 Wall case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Wall det 7 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 8 Wall compound 8 Wall Wall PROPN Number=Sing 4 piece nmod 9 in in ADP _ 11 museum case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 museum det 11 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a piece of the Berlin Wall a museum vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer piece=Stimulus
Example 5 The Brandenburg Gate is a famous sight in Berlin.
det compound nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root The DET Brandenburg PROPN Gate PROPN is AUX a DET famous ADJ sight NOUN in ADP Berlin PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Gate det 2 Brandenburg Brandenburg PROPN Number=Sing 3 Gate compound 3 Gate Gate PROPN Number=Sing 7 sight nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sight cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sight det 6 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sight amod 7 sight sight NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 9 Berlin case 9 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 7 sight nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 sight punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Brandenburg Gate a famous sight Berlin tree rules
Example 6 Many families were separated when the wall was built across Berlin.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl case obl punct root Many ADJ families NOUN were AUX separated VERB when ADV the DET wall NOUN was AUX built VERB across ADP Berlin PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 families amod 2 families family NOUN Number=Plur 4 separated nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 separated aux:pass 4 separated separate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 built advmod 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wall det 7 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 9 built nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 built aux:pass 9 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 separated advcl 10 across across ADP _ 11 Berlin case 11 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 9 built obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 separated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 separate past · passive Many families vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 build past · passive the wall Berlin vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 7 Berlin has more bridges than Venice.
nsubj amod obj case nmod punct root Berlin PROPN has VERB more ADJ bridges NOUN than ADP Venice PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 bridges amod 4 bridges bridge NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 than than ADP _ 6 Venice case 6 Venice Venice PROPN Number=Sing 4 bridges nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Berlin more bridges than Venice vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient
Example 8 Our class wrote postcards from an imaginary trip to Berlin.
nmod:poss nsubj obj case det amod obl case nmod punct root Our PRON class NOUN wrote VERB postcards NOUN from ADP an DET imaginary ADJ trip NOUN to ADP Berlin PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 postcards postcard NOUN Number=Plur 3 wrote obj 5 from from ADP _ 8 trip case 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 trip det 7 imaginary imaginary ADJ Degree=Pos 8 trip amod 8 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obl 9 to to ADP _ 10 Berlin case 10 Berlin Berlin PROPN Number=Sing 8 trip nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past Our class postcards a imaginary trip to Berlin vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent postcard=Result from trip=Material
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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