bitumen

Who acts: workers, Bitumen, we, Ancient people, you · What happens: make, use, tar, call, spread, keep · To what, where: black sticky like substance, oil, road surfaces, tarred surface, hot bitumen, road · Speech: someone speaks here

«bitumen» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bitumen in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A black, sticky, tar-like substance made from oil, used to make road surfaces and waterproof roofs.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 substance	det
2	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 substance	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 black	punct
4	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 substance	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 sticky	punct
6	tar	tar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 like	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 tar	punct
8	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 substance	amod
9	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 substance	acl
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 oil	case
12	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 made	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 used	punct
14	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 substance	parataxis
15	to	to	PART	_	16 make	mark
16	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 used	advcl
17	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 surfaces	compound
18	surfaces	surface	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 make	obj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 roofs	cc
20	waterproof	waterproof	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 roofs	amod
21	roofs	roof	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 surfaces	conj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 substance	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	make	participle	a black sticky like substance not said here	oil	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from oil=Material
2	use	participle			vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	make	to-infinitive	road surfaces and waterproof roofs		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset surface=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: Australia, New Zealand — kept apart, not parsed.

The tarred surface of a road; also called "the bitumen".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 surface	det
2	tarred	tar	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 surface	amod
3	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 called	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 road	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 road	det
6	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 surface	nmod
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 called	punct
8	also	also	ADV	_	9 called	advmod
9	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 bitumen	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bitumen	det
12	bitumen	bitumen	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 called	xcomp
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 bitumen	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tar	participle							vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
2	call	participle · passive		the tarred surface of a road					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

Example 1

The workers spread hot bitumen on the road.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 workers	det
2	workers	worker	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 spread	nsubj
3	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bitumen	amod
5	bitumen	bitumen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spread	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 road	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 road	det
8	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spread	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 spread	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	past	the workers	hot bitumen		the road			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bitumen=Theme on road=Destination

Example 2

Bitumen keeps the roof dry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bitumen	bitumen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 roof	det
4	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	obj
5	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keeps	xcomp
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 keeps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Bitumen	the roof				dry property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roof=Theme

Example 3

In Australia we drove off the bitumen onto a dusty track.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Australia	case
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 drove	obl
3	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 drove	nsubj
4	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	off	off	ADP	_	7 bitumen	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bitumen	det
7	bitumen	bitumen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drove	obl
8	onto	onto	ADP	_	11 track	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 track	det
10	dusty	dusty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 track	amod
11	track	track	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drove	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 drove	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drive off	past	we	the bitumen		Australia		onto a dusty track	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent bitumen=Theme in australia=Destination onto track=Initial_Location

Example 4

Bitumen gets soft and sticky on very hot days.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bitumen	bitumen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 gets	nsubj
2	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 gets	xcomp
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 sticky	cc
5	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 soft	conj
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 days	case
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 hot	advmod
8	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 days	amod
9	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 gets	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 gets	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	Bitumen				day	soft property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Example 5

Ancient people used bitumen to seal their boats.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 people	amod
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 used	nsubj
3	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bitumen	bitumen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 used	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 seal	mark
6	seal	seal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 used	advcl
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 boats	nmod:poss
8	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 seal	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	Ancient people	bitumen					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bitumen=Patient
2	seal	to-infinitive	Ancient people not said here	people's boats					vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Patient

Example 6

Do not touch hot bitumen; it can burn your skin.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 touch	aux
2	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 touch	advmod
3	touch	touch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bitumen	amod
5	bitumen	bitumen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 touch	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 burn	punct
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 burn	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 burn	aux
9	burn	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 touch	conj
10	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 skin	nmod:poss
11	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 burn	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 touch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not touch	imperative · do-support	you not said here	hot bitumen					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bitumen=Co-Theme
2	burn	can	bitumen	your skin					vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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