bonsai Who acts: bonsai, art, Grandpa, bonsai trees, We · What happens: be, keep, grow, cut, look, come · To what, where: tree, shrub, bonsai, shallow pot, roots, art
«bonsai» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bonsai in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bonsai is a tree or shrub kept very small by growing it in a shallow pot and carefully cutting its roots and branches, so it looks like a tiny old tree.
The tree, 32 words det nsubj cop det cc conj acl advmod xcomp mark advcl obj case det amod obl cc advmod conj nmod:poss obj cc conj punct advmod nsubj conj case det amod amod obl punct root A DET bonsai NOUN is AUX a DET tree NOUN or CCONJ shrub NOUN kept VERB very ADV small ADJ by SCONJ growing VERB it PRON in ADP a DET shallow ADJ pot NOUN and CCONJ carefully ADV cutting VERB its PRON roots NOUN and CCONJ branches NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON looks VERB like ADP a DET tiny ADJ old ADJ tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bonsai det 2 bonsai bonsai NOUN Number=Sing 5 tree nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tree cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tree det 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 shrub cc 7 shrub shrub NOUN Number=Sing 5 tree conj 8 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 shrub acl 9 very very ADV _ 10 small advmod 10 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 kept xcomp 11 by by SCONJ _ 12 growing mark 12 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 kept advcl 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 growing obj 14 in in ADP _ 17 pot case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 pot det 16 shallow shallow ADJ Degree=Pos 17 pot amod 17 pot pot NOUN Number=Sing 12 growing obl 18 and and CCONJ _ 20 cutting cc 19 carefully carefully ADV _ 20 cutting advmod 20 cutting cut VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 growing conj 21 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 22 roots nmod:poss 22 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 20 cutting obj 23 and and CCONJ _ 24 branches cc 24 branches branch NOUN Number=Plur 22 roots conj 25 , , PUNCT _ 28 looks punct 26 so so ADV _ 28 looks advmod 27 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 28 looks nsubj 28 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tree conj 29 like like ADP _ 33 tree case 30 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 33 tree det 31 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 33 tree amod 32 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 33 tree amod 33 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 28 looks obl 34 . . PUNCT _ 5 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bonsai a tree or shrub tree rules 2 keep participle shrub not said here small property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 grow gerund bonsai a shallow pot vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme 4 cut gerund bonsai's roots and branches carefully property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset root=Product 5 look present bonsai like a tiny old tree vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Bonsai is the art of growing such trees, which comes from Japan and, before that, China.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det mark acl amod obj punct nsubj parataxis case obl cc punct case obl punct obl punct root Bonsai NOUN is AUX the DET art NOUN of SCONJ growing VERB such ADJ trees NOUN , PUNCT which PRON comes VERB from ADP Japan PROPN and CCONJ , PUNCT before ADP that PRON , PUNCT China PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bonsai bonsai NOUN Number=Sing 4 art nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 art cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 art det 4 art art NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 growing mark 6 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 art acl 7 such such ADJ Degree=Pos 8 trees amod 8 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 6 growing obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 comes punct 10 which which PRON PronType=Rel 11 comes nsubj 11 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 art parataxis 12 from from ADP _ 13 Japan case 13 Japan Japan PROPN Number=Sing 11 comes obl 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 that cc 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 that punct 16 before before ADP _ 17 that case 17 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 11 comes obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 China punct 19 China China PROPN Number=Sing 11 comes obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 art punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Bonsai the art tree rules 2 grow gerund the art not said here such trees vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tree=Theme 3 come present the art China Japan before that vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from japan=Initial_Location
Example 1 Grandpa trims his bonsai with tiny scissors.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case amod obl punct root Grandpa PROPN trims VERB his PRON bonsai NOUN with ADP tiny ADJ scissors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 trims nsubj 2 trims trim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bonsai nmod:poss 4 bonsai bonsai NOUN Number=Sing 2 trims obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 scissors case 6 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 scissors amod 7 scissors scissors NOUN Number=Plur 2 trims obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 trims punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trim present Grandpa Grandpa's bonsai with tiny scissors vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent bonsai=Destination with scissors=Theme
Example 2 The bonsai looked like a big old pine tree, but it was only 30 cm tall.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj case det amod amod compound obl punct cc nsubj cop advmod nummod obl:unmarked conj punct root The DET bonsai NOUN looked VERB like ADP a DET big ADJ old ADJ pine NOUN tree NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ it PRON was AUX only ADV 30 NUM cm NOUN tall ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bonsai det 2 bonsai bonsai NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 like like ADP _ 9 tree case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 tree det 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 9 tree amod 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 tree amod 8 pine pine NOUN Number=Sing 9 tree compound 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 17 tall punct 11 but but CCONJ _ 17 tall cc 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 tall nsubj 13 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 17 tall cop 14 only only ADV _ 15 30 advmod 15 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 cm nummod 16 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 17 tall obl:unmarked 17 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 3 looked conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the bonsai like a big old pine tree vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 is past bonsai 30 cm obl:unmarked ; tall property tree rules
Example 3 Bonsai is a Japanese art.
nsubj cop det amod punct root Bonsai NOUN is AUX a DET Japanese ADJ art NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bonsai bonsai NOUN Number=Sing 5 art nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 art cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 art det 4 Japanese Japanese ADJ Degree=Pos 5 art amod 5 art art NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 art punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Bonsai a Japanese art tree rules
Example 4 Some bonsai trees are hundreds of years old.
det amod nsubj cop case obl:unmarked amod punct root Some DET bonsai ADJ trees NOUN are AUX hundreds NOUN of ADP years NOUN old ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 3 trees det 2 bonsai bonsai ADJ Degree=Pos 3 trees amod 3 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 5 hundreds nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hundreds cop 5 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 years case 7 years year NOUN Number=Plur 8 old obl:unmarked 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 hundreds amod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 hundreds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present some bonsai trees hundreds tree rules
Example 5 A bonsai needs a shallow pot and careful watering.
det nsubj det amod obj cc amod conj punct root A DET bonsai NOUN needs VERB a DET shallow ADJ pot NOUN and CCONJ careful ADJ watering NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bonsai det 2 bonsai bonsai NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs nsubj 3 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pot det 5 shallow shallow ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pot amod 6 pot pot NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 watering cc 8 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 9 watering amod 9 watering watering NOUN Number=Sing 6 pot conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present a bonsai a shallow pot and careful watering vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot pot=Theme
Example 6 We saw a bonsai maple with red leaves at the garden show.
nsubj det amod obj case amod nmod case det compound obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET bonsai ADJ maple NOUN with ADP red ADJ leaves NOUN at ADP the DET garden NOUN show NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 maple det 4 bonsai bonsai ADJ Degree=Pos 5 maple amod 5 maple maple NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 leaves case 7 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 8 leaves amod 8 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 maple nmod 9 at at ADP _ 12 show case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 show det 11 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 12 show compound 12 show show NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a bonsai maple the garden show with red leaves vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer maple=Stimulus
Example 7 Bonsai teaches you to be patient.
nsubj iobj mark cop xcomp punct root Bonsai NOUN teaches VERB you PRON to PART be AUX patient ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bonsai bonsai NOUN Number=Sing 2 teaches nsubj 2 teaches teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 teaches iobj 4 to to PART _ 6 patient mark 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 patient cop 6 patient patient ADJ Degree=Pos 2 teaches xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 teaches punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other present Bonsai you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient 2 is to-infinitive Bonsai not said here patient property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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