botany Who acts: plants, Botany, We, botanist, botanic garden, aunt · What happens: grow, make, name, live, study, be · To what, where: scientific study, plants, study, botany lesson, seeds, rainforest
«botany» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: botany in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The scientific study of plants: how they grow, what they are made of, how they are named and where they live.
The tree, 21 words det amod case nmod punct advmod nsubj conj punct obl nsubj aux:pass acl:relcl obl punct advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis cc advmod nsubj conj punct root The DET scientific ADJ study NOUN of ADP plants NOUN : PUNCT how ADV they PRON grow VERB , PUNCT what PRON they PRON are AUX made VERB of ADP , PUNCT how ADV they PRON are AUX named VERB and CCONJ where ADV they PRON live VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 study det 2 scientific scientific ADJ Degree=Pos 3 study amod 3 study study NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 plants case 5 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 3 study nmod 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 grow punct 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 9 grow advmod 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 grow nsubj 9 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 study conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 what punct 11 what what PRON PronType=Rel 9 grow obl 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 made nsubj 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 made aux:pass 14 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 what acl:relcl 15 of of ADP _ 14 made obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 named punct 17 how how ADV PronType=Int 20 named advmod 18 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 named nsubj:pass 19 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 named aux:pass 20 named name VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 grow parataxis 21 and and CCONJ _ 24 live cc 22 where where ADV PronType=Rel 24 live advmod 23 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 24 live nsubj 24 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 named conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 3 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present plants = plant the scientific study of plants vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 make present · passive plants = plant vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product 3 name present · passive plants = plant vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 4 live present plants = plant vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 study plants nom study «act transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Botany is the study of plants.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Botany NOUN is AUX the DET study NOUN of ADP plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Botany botany NOUN Number=Sing 4 study nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 study cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 study det 4 study study NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 plants case 6 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 4 study nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Botany the study of plants tree rules
Example 2 We learned about roots and leaves in our botany lesson.
nsubj case obl cc conj case nmod:poss compound obl punct root We PRON learned VERB about ADP roots NOUN and CCONJ leaves NOUN in ADP our PRON botany NOUN lesson NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about ADP _ 4 roots case 4 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 2 learned obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 leaves cc 6 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 4 roots conj 7 in in ADP _ 10 lesson case 8 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 lesson nmod:poss 9 botany botany NOUN Number=Sing 10 lesson compound 10 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past We our botany lesson about roots and leaves vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about root=Topic
Example 3 A botanist collected seeds from the rainforest.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root A DET botanist NOUN collected VERB seeds NOUN from ADP the DET rainforest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 botanist det 2 botanist botanist NOUN Number=Sing 3 collected nsubj 3 collected collect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 3 collected obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 rainforest case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rainforest det 7 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 3 collected obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 collected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect past a botanist seeds the rainforest vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent seed=Theme from rainforest=Source
Example 4 Botany Bay in Sydney was named for its many new plants.
compound nsubj:pass case nmod aux:pass case nmod:poss amod amod obl punct root Botany PROPN Bay PROPN in ADP Sydney PROPN was AUX named VERB for ADP its PRON many ADJ new ADJ plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Botany Botany PROPN Number=Sing 2 Bay compound 2 Bay Bay PROPN Number=Sing 6 named nsubj:pass 3 in in ADP _ 4 Sydney case 4 Sydney Sydney PROPN Number=Sing 2 Bay nmod 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 named aux:pass 6 named name VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 for for ADP _ 11 plants case 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 plants nmod:poss 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 11 plants amod 10 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 11 plants amod 11 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 6 named obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 named punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 name past · passive Botany Bay in Sydney for its many new plants vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 5 The botanic garden has a giant water lily.
det amod nsubj det amod compound obj punct root The DET botanic ADJ garden NOUN has VERB a DET giant ADJ water NOUN lily NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 garden det 2 botanic botanic ADJ Degree=Pos 3 garden amod 3 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 lily det 6 giant giant ADJ Degree=Pos 8 lily amod 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 lily compound 8 lily lily NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the botanic garden a giant water lily vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lily=Patient
Example 6 My aunt is a botanist who studies mosses.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root My PRON aunt NOUN is AUX a DET botanist NOUN who PRON studies VERB mosses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 aunt nmod:poss 2 aunt aunt NOUN Number=Sing 5 botanist nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 botanist cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 botanist det 5 botanist botanist NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 studies nsubj 7 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 botanist acl:relcl 8 mosses moss NOUN Number=Plur 7 studies obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 botanist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My aunt a botanist tree rules 2 study present a botanist mosses vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moss=Topic
Example 7 And now the professor of botany presented himself, one who could explain his knowledge in black and white.
The tree, 18 words cc advmod det nsubj case nmod obj punct nsubj nsubj aux conj nmod:poss obj case obl cc conj punct root And CCONJ now ADV the DET professor NOUN of ADP botany NOUN presented VERB himself PRON , PUNCT one NUM who PRON could AUX explain VERB his PRON knowledge NOUN in ADP black ADJ and CCONJ white ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 7 presented cc 2 now now ADV PronType=Dem 7 presented advmod 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 professor det 4 professor professor NOUN Number=Sing 7 presented nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 6 botany case 6 botany botany NOUN Number=Sing 4 professor nmod 7 presented present VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 7 presented obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 explain punct 10 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 13 explain nsubj 11 who who PRON PronType=Rel 13 explain nsubj 12 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 explain aux 13 explain explain VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 presented conj 14 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 knowledge nmod:poss 15 knowledge knowledge NOUN Number=Sing 13 explain obj 16 in in ADP _ 17 black case 17 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 13 explain obl 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 white cc 19 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 17 black conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 presented punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 present past the professor of botany professor now vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme 2 explain speech: assert could one professor's knowledge black vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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