break Who acts: TV, break, fighting, Anna, 16 pencils, We · What happens: break, be, come apart, use, work, not be · To what, where: pieces, it, rule, short rest, work, record · Speech: someone speaks here
«break» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: break in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To break is to make something come apart into pieces, so it can no longer be used.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj cop mark obj xcomp advmod case obl punct advmod nsubj:pass aux advmod advmod aux:pass parataxis punct root To PART break VERB is AUX to PART make VERB something PRON come VERB apart ADV into ADP pieces NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON can AUX no ADV longer ADV be AUX used VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 break mark 2 break break VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 make csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make cop 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 make obj 7 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make xcomp 8 apart apart ADV _ 7 come advmod 9 into into ADP _ 10 pieces case 10 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 7 come obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 18 used punct 12 so so ADV _ 18 used advmod 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 used nsubj:pass 14 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 18 used aux 15 no no ADV _ 16 longer advmod 16 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 18 used advmod 17 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 18 used aux:pass 18 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 make parataxis 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break to-infinitive vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is present make property tree rules 3 come apart infinitive pieces apart property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into piece=Initial_Location 4 use can · passive it long property vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To break is to stop working: «The TV broke».
mark csubj cop mark xcomp punct punct det nsubj parataxis punct punct root To PART break VERB is AUX to PART stop VERB working VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET TV NOUN broke VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 break mark 2 break break VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 stop csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stop cop 4 to to PART _ 5 stop mark 5 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 stop xcomp 7 : : PUNCT _ 11 broke punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 11 broke punct 9 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 TV det 10 TV TV NOUN Number=Sing 11 broke nsubj 11 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 stop parataxis 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 broke punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break to-infinitive vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is present stop property tree rules 3 work gerund vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 break in a quote past the TV vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 To break a rule or a promise is to not keep it.
mark advcl det obj cc det conj cop mark advmod obj punct root To PART break VERB a DET rule NOUN or CCONJ a DET promise NOUN is AUX to PART not PART keep VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 break mark 2 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 keep advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 rule det 4 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 2 break obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 promise cc 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 promise det 7 promise promise NOUN Number=Sing 4 rule conj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 keep cop 9 to to PART _ 11 keep mark 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 keep advmod 11 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 keep obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 11 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break to-infinitive a rule or a promise vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient 2 not is present keep property tree rules
Meaning 4 A break is a short rest from work or school: «morning break».
The tree, 12 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod cc conj punct punct compound appos punct punct root A DET break NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ rest NOUN from ADP work NOUN or CCONJ school NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT morning NOUN break NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 break det 2 break break NOUN Number=Sing 6 rest nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 rest cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 rest det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rest amod 6 rest rest NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 from from ADP _ 8 work case 8 work work NOUN Number=Sing 6 rest nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 school cc 10 school school NOUN Number=Sing 8 work conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 break punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 break punct 13 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 14 break compound 14 break break NOUN Number=Sing 6 rest appos 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 break punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 rest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a break a short rest work or school tree rules
Meaning 5 To break a record is to do better than anyone before.
mark advcl det obj cop mark advmod case obl advmod punct root To PART break VERB a DET record NOUN is AUX to PART do VERB better ADV than ADP anyone PRON before ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 break mark 2 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 do advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 record det 4 record record NOUN Number=Sing 2 break obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 do cop 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 better well ADV Degree=Cmp 7 do advmod 9 than than ADP _ 10 anyone case 10 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 do obl 11 before before ADV _ 7 do advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break to-infinitive a record vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer record=Patient 2 is present than anyone; before, do, well property tree rules
Meaning 6 To break out is to start suddenly, as fire, fighting or trouble does.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl compound:prt cop mark advmod punct case obl punct csubj cc conj parataxis punct root To PART break VERB out ADP is AUX to PART start VERB suddenly ADV , PUNCT as ADP fire NOUN , PUNCT fighting VERB or CCONJ trouble NOUN does VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 break mark 2 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 start advcl 3 out out ADP _ 2 break compound:prt 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 start cop 5 to to PART _ 6 start mark 6 start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 6 start advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 fire punct 9 as as ADP _ 10 fire case 10 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 6 start obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 fighting punct 12 fighting fight VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 does csubj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 trouble cc 14 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 12 fighting conj 15 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 start parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break out to-infinitive vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is present as fire; start, suddenly property tree rules 3 fight gerund vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 do present fighting vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Anna breaks 5 cookies.
nsubj nummod obj punct root Anna PROPN breaks VERB 5 NUM cookies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Anna Anna PROPN Number=Sing 2 breaks nsubj 2 breaks break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 cookies nummod 4 cookies cookie NOUN Number=Plur 2 breaks obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 breaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present Anna 5 cookies vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cookie=Patient
Example 2 16 pencils broke.
nummod nsubj punct root 16 NUM pencils NOUN broke VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 16 16 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 pencils nummod 2 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 3 broke nsubj 3 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past 16 pencils vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Of 24 glasses, 3 are broken. How many are not broken?
Sentence 1: Of 24 glasses, 3 are broken.
case nummod obl punct flat aux:pass punct root Of ADP 24 NUM glasses NOUN , PUNCT 3 NUM are AUX broken VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Of of ADP _ 3 glasses case 2 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 glasses nummod 3 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 7 broken obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 glasses punct 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 , flat 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 broken aux:pass 7 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 broken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present · passive of 24 glasses vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: of glass=Co-Patient
Sentence 2: How many are not broken?
advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ are AUX not PART broken VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 broken nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 broken aux:pass 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 broken advmod 5 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 broken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not break present · passive many vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 4 We play football at morning break.
nsubj obj case compound obl punct root We PRON play VERB football NOUN at ADP morning NOUN break NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 play nsubj 2 play play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 football football NOUN Number=Sing 2 play obj 4 at at ADP _ 6 break case 5 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 6 break compound 6 break break NOUN Number=Sing 2 play obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play present We football morning break vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme
Example 5 Ben broke his arm when he fell off his bike.
nsubj nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj advcl compound:prt nmod:poss obl punct root Ben PROPN broke VERB his PRON arm NOUN when ADV he PRON fell VERB off ADP his PRON bike NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 2 broke nsubj 2 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 arm nmod:poss 4 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 2 broke obj 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 fell advmod 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 fell nsubj 7 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 broke advcl 8 off off ADP _ 7 fell compound:prt 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 bike nmod:poss 10 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 7 fell obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past Ben Ben's arm vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer arm=Patient 2 fall off past Ben Ben's bike vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 6 Never break a promise to a friend.
advmod det obj case det obl punct root Never ADV break VERB a DET promise NOUN to ADP a DET friend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 break advmod 2 break break VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 promise det 4 promise promise NOUN Number=Sing 2 break obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 friend case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 friend det 7 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 break obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 break punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not break imperative you not said here a promise to a friend result vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent promise=Patient to friend=Result
Example 7 Break 15 into 10 and 5 to add it more easily.
obj case obl cc conj mark advcl obj advmod advmod punct root Break VERB 15 NUM into ADP 10 NUM and CCONJ 5 NUM to PART add VERB it PRON more ADV easily ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Break break VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Break obj 3 into into ADP _ 4 10 case 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Break obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 5 cc 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 10 conj 7 to to PART _ 8 add mark 8 add add VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Break advcl 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 add obj 10 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 11 easily advmod 11 easily easily ADV _ 8 add advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Break punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break imperative you not said here 15 into 10 result vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent 15=Patient into 10=Result 2 add speech: assert to-infinitive you not said here it easily property vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 8 She broke the school record for the long jump.
nsubj det compound obj case det amod obl punct root She PRON broke VERB the DET school NOUN record NOUN for ADP the DET long ADJ jump NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 broke nsubj 2 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 record det 4 school school NOUN Number=Sing 5 record compound 5 record record NOUN Number=Sing 2 broke obj 6 for for ADP _ 9 jump case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 jump det 8 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 9 jump amod 9 jump jump NOUN Number=Sing 2 broke obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past She the school record for the long jump vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer record=Patient
Example 9 The flames were breaking out from below.
det nsubj aux compound:prt case obl punct root The DET flames NOUN were AUX breaking VERB out ADP from ADP below ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 flames det 2 flames flame NOUN Number=Plur 4 breaking nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 breaking aux 4 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 out out ADP _ 4 breaking compound:prt 6 from from ADP _ 7 below case 7 below below ADV _ 4 breaking obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 breaking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break out past · progressive the flames vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from below=Co-Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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