breathe Who acts: She, person, whale, you, Fish, I · What happens: breathe, be, let out, breathe out, mean, say · To what, where: body, air, in, word, fear, breath · Speech: someone speaks here
«breathe» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: breathe in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To breathe is to take air into your body and let it out again.
The tree, 14 words mark conj cop mark obj case nmod:poss obl cc conj obj compound:prt advmod punct root To PART breathe VERB is AUX to PART take VERB air NOUN into ADP your PRON body NOUN and CCONJ let VERB it PRON out ADP again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 breathe mark 2 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 take conj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 take cop 4 to to PART _ 5 take mark 5 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 air air NOUN Number=Sing 5 take obj 7 into into ADP _ 9 body case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 body nmod:poss 9 body body NOUN Number=Sing 5 take obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 let cc 11 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 take conj 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 let obj 13 out out ADP _ 11 let compound:prt 14 again again ADV _ 11 let advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe to-infinitive vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present your body take property tree rules 3 let out infinitive air again vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To breathe in is to take air in; to breathe out is to let it out.
The tree, 16 words mark conj obj cop mark obj compound:prt punct mark parataxis compound:prt cop mark conj obj compound:prt punct root To PART breathe VERB in NOUN is AUX to PART take VERB air NOUN in ADP ; PUNCT to PART breathe VERB out ADP is AUX to PART let VERB it PRON out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 breathe mark 2 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 take conj 3 in in NOUN Number=Sing 2 breathe obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 take cop 5 to to PART _ 6 take mark 6 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 air air NOUN Number=Sing 6 take obj 8 in in ADP _ 6 take compound:prt 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 breathe punct 10 to to PART _ 11 breathe mark 11 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 take parataxis 12 out out ADP _ 11 breathe compound:prt 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 let cop 14 to to PART _ 15 let mark 15 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 11 breathe conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 let obj 17 out out ADP _ 15 let compound:prt 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe to-infinitive in vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent in=Theme 2 is present take property tree rules 3 breathe out to-infinitive vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is present let property tree rules
Meaning 3 To breathe can mean to say very softly: «She breathed a word».
The tree, 12 words mark csubj aux mark xcomp advmod advmod punct punct nsubj parataxis det obj punct punct root To PART breathe VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART say VERB very ADV softly ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT She PRON breathed VERB a DET word NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 breathe mark 2 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 say mark 6 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 very very ADV _ 8 softly advmod 8 softly softly ADV _ 6 say advmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 breathed punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 breathed punct 11 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 breathed nsubj 12 breathed breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 mean parataxis 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 word det 14 word word NOUN Number=Sing 12 breathed obj 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 breathed punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe to-infinitive vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 say speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive softly property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 breathe in a quote past She a word vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
Meaning 4 To breathe freely is to feel safe and relaxed, without fear of being caught.
The tree, 14 words mark conj advmod cop mark xcomp cc conj punct case parataxis mark aux:pass acl punct root To PART breathe VERB freely ADV is AUX to PART feel VERB safe ADJ and CCONJ relaxed ADJ , PUNCT without ADP fear NOUN of SCONJ being AUX caught VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 breathe mark 2 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 feel conj 3 freely freely ADV _ 2 breathe advmod 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 feel cop 5 to to PART _ 6 feel mark 6 feel feel VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 6 feel xcomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 relaxed cc 9 relaxed relaxed ADJ Degree=Pos 7 safe conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 fear punct 11 without without ADP _ 12 fear case 12 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 6 feel parataxis 13 of of SCONJ _ 15 caught mark 14 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 caught aux:pass 15 caught catch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 fear acl 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe to-infinitive freely property vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present feel, safe property tree rules 3 catch gerund · passive fear not said here vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»
Example 1 A person breathes about 16 times a minute.
det nsubj advmod nummod obl:unmarked det nmod:unmarked punct root A DET person NOUN breathes VERB about ADV 16 NUM times NOUN a DET minute NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing 3 breathes nsubj 3 breathes breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 about about ADV _ 5 16 advmod 5 16 16 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 times nummod 6 times time NOUN Number=Plur 3 breathes obl:unmarked 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 minute det 8 minute minute NOUN Number=Sing 6 times nmod:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 breathes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe present a person time vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 How many breaths in 5 minutes?
advmod amod case nummod nmod punct root How ADV many ADJ breaths NOUN in ADP 5 NUM minutes NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 breaths amod 3 breaths breath NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 minutes case 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 minutes nummod 6 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 3 breaths nmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 breaths punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 A whale can hold its breath for 20 minutes.
det nsubj aux nmod:poss obj case nummod obl punct root A DET whale NOUN can AUX hold VERB its PRON breath NOUN for ADP 20 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 whale det 2 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 hold aux 4 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 breath nmod:poss 6 breath breath NOUN Number=Sing 4 hold obj 7 for for ADP _ 9 minutes case 8 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 minutes nummod 9 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 4 hold obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold can a whale whale's breath minute vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme
Example 4 She breathes in for 4 seconds.
nsubj advmod case nummod obl punct root She PRON breathes VERB in ADV for ADP 4 NUM seconds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 breathes nsubj 2 breathes breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADV _ 2 breathes advmod 4 for for ADP _ 6 seconds case 5 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 seconds nummod 6 seconds second NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathes obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 breathes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe in present She second vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Breathe in slowly through your nose.
advmod advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root Breathe VERB in ADV slowly ADV through ADP your PRON nose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Breathe breathe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 in in ADV _ 1 Breathe advmod 3 slowly slowly ADV _ 1 Breathe advmod 4 through through ADP _ 6 nose case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 nose nmod:poss 6 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 1 Breathe obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe in imperative you not said here your nose slowly property vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Fish breathe through their gills.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root Fish NOUN breathe VERB through ADP their PRON gills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathe nsubj 2 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 gills case 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 gills nmod:poss 5 gills gill NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathe obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe present Fish Fish's gills vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Take a deep breath when you feel upset.
det amod obj advmod nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Take VERB a DET deep ADJ breath NOUN when ADV you PRON feel VERB upset ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 breath det 3 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 4 breath amod 4 breath breath NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obj 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 feel advmod 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 feel nsubj 7 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Take advcl 8 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 7 feel xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take imperative you not said here a deep breath vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme 2 feel present you upset property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 8 After the race I could hardly breathe.
case det obl nsubj aux advmod punct root After ADP the DET race NOUN I PRON could AUX hardly ADV breathe VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 race case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 race det 3 race race NOUN Number=Sing 7 breathe obl 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 breathe nsubj 5 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 breathe aux 6 hardly hardly ADV _ 7 breathe advmod 7 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe could I after the race hardly property vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 Plants help us breathe by making oxygen.
nsubj obj xcomp mark advcl obj punct root Plants NOUN help VERB us PRON breathe VERB by SCONJ making VERB oxygen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 help nsubj 2 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 help obj 4 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 help xcomp 5 by by SCONJ _ 6 making mark 6 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 breathe advcl 7 oxygen oxygen NOUN Number=Sing 6 making obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Plants us vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 breathe infinitive us not said here vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 make gerund us not said here oxygen vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset oxygen=Product
Example 10 We breathe faster when we run.
nsubj advmod mark nsubj advcl punct root We PRON breathe VERB faster ADV when SCONJ we PRON run VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 breathe nsubj 2 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 faster fast ADV Degree=Cmp 2 breathe advmod 4 when when SCONJ _ 6 run mark 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 run nsubj 6 run run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 breathe advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe present We fast property vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 run present we vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 11 Robbers and smugglers could breathe freely here.
nsubj cc conj aux advmod advmod punct root Robbers NOUN and CCONJ smugglers NOUN could AUX breathe VERB freely ADV here ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Robbers robber NOUN Number=Plur 5 breathe nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 smugglers cc 3 smugglers smuggler NOUN Number=Plur 1 Robbers conj 4 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 breathe aux 5 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 freely freely ADV _ 7 here advmod 7 here here ADV PronType=Dem 5 breathe advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe could Robbers and smugglers here vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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