brighten Who acts: Flowers, eyes, she, We, forecast, coat · What happens: become, make, brighten, brighten up, see, say · To what, where: something, sky, someone, face, place, classroom · Speech: someone speaks here
«brighten» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: brighten in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To become brighter or lighter, or to make something brighter: «The sky brightened after the rain».
The tree, 16 words mark advcl xcomp cc conj punct cc mark obj amod punct punct det parataxis acl case det obl punct punct root To PART become VERB brighter ADJ or CCONJ lighter ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART make VERB something PRON brighter ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET sky NOUN brightened VERB after ADP the DET rain NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 become mark 2 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 make advcl 3 brighter bright ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 become xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 lighter cc 5 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 brighter conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 make punct 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 make cc 8 to to PART _ 9 make mark 9 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 make obj 11 brighter bright ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 something amod 12 : : PUNCT _ 15 sky punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 sky punct 14 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 sky det 15 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 9 make parataxis 16 brightened brighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 sky acl 17 after after ADP _ 19 rain case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 rain det 19 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 16 brightened obl 20 » » PUNCT _ 15 sky punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 9 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become to-infinitive bright property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 make to-infinitive something tree rules 3 brighten in a quote participle the sky not said here after the rain vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To become happier or more cheerful, or to make someone happier: «Her face brightened».
The tree, 14 words mark advcl xcomp cc advmod conj punct cc mark obj xcomp punct punct nmod:poss parataxis acl punct punct root To PART become VERB happier ADJ or CCONJ more ADV cheerful ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART make VERB someone PRON happier ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT Her PRON face NOUN brightened VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 become mark 2 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 make advcl 3 happier happy ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 become xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 cheerful cc 5 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 6 cheerful advmod 6 cheerful cheerful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 happier conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 make punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 make cc 9 to to PART _ 10 make mark 10 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 11 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 make obj 12 happier happy ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 make xcomp 13 : : PUNCT _ 16 face punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 16 face punct 15 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 face nmod:poss 16 face face NOUN Number=Sing 10 make parataxis 17 brightened brighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 face acl 18 » » PUNCT _ 17 brightened punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 10 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become to-infinitive happy property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 make to-infinitive someone happy property tree rules 3 brighten in a quote participle Her face not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 To make a place more colourful or pleasant: «Flowers brighten up the classroom».
The tree, 13 words mark det obj advmod xcomp cc conj punct punct nsubj conj compound:prt det obj punct punct root To PART make VERB a DET place NOUN more ADV colourful ADJ or CCONJ pleasant ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT Flowers NOUN brighten VERB up ADP the DET classroom NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 place det 4 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 5 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 6 colourful advmod 6 colourful colourful ADJ Degree=Pos 2 make xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 pleasant cc 8 pleasant pleasant ADJ Degree=Pos 6 colourful conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 brighten punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 brighten punct 11 Flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 12 brighten nsubj 12 brighten brighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 colourful conj 13 up up ADP _ 12 brighten compound:prt 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 classroom det 15 classroom classroom NOUN Number=Sing 12 brighten obj 16 » » PUNCT _ 12 brighten punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive a place colourful property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset place=Product 2 brighten up in a quote present Flowers the classroom vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent classroom=Patient
Example 1 The sky brightened in the afternoon.
det acl case det obl punct root The DET sky NOUN brightened VERB in ADP the DET afternoon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 brightened brighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 sky acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 afternoon case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 afternoon det 6 afternoon afternoon NOUN Number=Sing 3 brightened obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 sky punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brighten participle the sky not said here afternoon vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 Your card really brightened my day.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass advmod nmod:poss obl:unmarked punct root Your PRON card NOUN really ADV brightened VERB my PRON day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 card nmod:poss 2 card card NOUN Number=Sing 4 brightened nsubj:pass 3 really really ADV _ 4 brightened advmod 4 brightened brighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 day nmod:poss 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 4 brightened obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 brightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brighten participle · passive Your card day vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 3 Her eyes brightened when she saw the puppy.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root Her PRON eyes NOUN brightened VERB when ADV she PRON saw VERB the DET puppy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 eyes nmod:poss 2 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 3 brightened nsubj 3 brightened brighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 saw advmod 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 saw nsubj 6 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 brightened advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 puppy det 8 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 6 saw obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 brightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brighten participle Her eyes vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 see past she the puppy vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer puppy=Stimulus
Example 4 We brightened up the classroom with paintings.
nsubj compound:prt det obj case obl punct root We PRON brightened VERB up ADP the DET classroom NOUN with ADP paintings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 brightened nsubj 2 brightened brighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 brightened compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 classroom det 5 classroom classroom NOUN Number=Sing 2 brightened obj 6 with with ADP _ 7 paintings case 7 paintings painting NOUN Number=Plur 2 brightened obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 brightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brighten up participle We the classroom with paintings vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent classroom=Patient with painting=Instrument
Example 5 The forecast says it will brighten up after lunch.
det nsubj nsubj aux ccomp compound:prt case obl punct root The DET forecast NOUN says VERB it PRON will AUX brighten VERB up ADP after ADP lunch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 forecast det 2 forecast forecast NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 brighten nsubj 5 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 brighten aux 6 brighten brighten VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 says ccomp 7 up up ADP _ 6 brighten compound:prt 8 after after ADP _ 9 lunch case 9 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 6 brighten obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the forecast vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 brighten up future forecast after lunch vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 A coat of yellow paint brightened the old shed.
det case amod nmod acl det amod obj punct root A DET coat NOUN of ADP yellow ADJ paint NOUN brightened VERB the DET old ADJ shed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 coat det 2 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 paint case 4 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 5 paint amod 5 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 2 coat nmod 6 brightened brighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 coat acl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 shed det 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 shed amod 9 shed shed NOUN Number=Sing 6 brightened obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 coat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brighten participle a coat of yellow paint not said here the old shed vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent shed=Patient
Example 7 Grandma brightens whenever we visit.
nsubj mark nsubj advcl punct root Grandma NOUN brightens VERB whenever SCONJ we PRON visit VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 brightens nsubj 2 brightens brighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 whenever whenever SCONJ _ 5 visit mark 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 visit nsubj 5 visit visit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 brightens advcl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 brightens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brighten present Grandma vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 visit present we vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 When the hunter's tale of the stranger's arrow reached the ears of the chieftain, his face brightened with a smile.
The tree, 22 words mark det nmod:poss case nsubj case det nmod:poss case nmod det obj case det nmod punct nmod:poss appos acl case det obl punct root When SCONJ the DET hunter NOUN 's PART tale NOUN of ADP the DET stranger NOUN 's PART arrow NOUN reached VERB the DET ears NOUN of ADP the DET chieftain NOUN , PUNCT his PRON face NOUN brightened VERB with ADP a DET smile NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 11 reached mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 hunter det 3 hunter hunter NOUN Number=Sing 5 tale nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 hunter case 5 tale tale NOUN Number=Sing 11 reached nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 10 arrow case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 stranger det 8 stranger stranger NOUN Number=Sing 10 arrow nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 stranger case 10 arrow arrow NOUN Number=Sing 5 tale nmod 11 reached reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 ears det 13 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 11 reached obj 14 of of ADP _ 16 chieftain case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 chieftain det 16 chieftain chieftain NOUN Number=Sing 13 ears nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 face punct 18 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 face nmod:poss 19 face face NOUN Number=Sing 16 chieftain appos 20 brightened brighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 face acl 21 with with ADP _ 23 smile case 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 smile det 23 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 20 brightened obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 11 reached punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reach past the hunter's tale of the stranger's arrow the ears of the chieftain vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ear=Theme 2 brighten participle tale's face not said here with a smile vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with smile=Instrument 3 tell the stranger's arrow nom tale «communication intransitive»: of=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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