bud Who acts: bud, plant, trees, budding artist, rose, buds · What happens: be, open, mean, grow, bud, start · To what, where: small swelling, plant, leaf, buds, friendly word, one
«bud» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bud in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bud is a small swelling on a plant that will open into a leaf or a flower.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod nsubj aux acl:relcl case det obl cc det conj punct root A DET bud NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ swelling NOUN on ADP a DET plant NOUN that PRON will AUX open VERB into ADP a DET leaf NOUN or CCONJ a DET flower NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bud det 2 bud bud NOUN Number=Sing 6 swelling nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 swelling cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 swelling det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 swelling amod 6 swelling swelling NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 plant case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 plant det 9 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 6 swelling nmod 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 open nsubj 11 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 open aux 12 open open VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 plant acl:relcl 13 into into ADP _ 15 leaf case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 leaf det 15 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 12 open obl 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 flower cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 flower det 18 flower flower NOUN Number=Sing 15 leaf conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 swelling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bud a small swelling a plant tree rules 2 open future a plant a leaf or a flower vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into leaf=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To bud means to grow buds: the trees are budding.
mark nsubj mark xcomp obj punct det nsubj aux conj punct root To PART bud NOUN means VERB to PART grow VERB buds NOUN : PUNCT the DET trees NOUN are AUX budding VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 bud mark 2 bud bud NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 grow mark 5 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 buds bud NOUN Number=Plur 5 grow obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 11 budding punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 trees det 9 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 11 budding nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 budding aux 11 budding bud VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 means conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present bud vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 grow not said to happen to-infinitive bud not said here buds vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bud=Theme 3 bud present · progressive the trees vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 «Bud» (informal, mostly American) is a friendly word for a friend or a boy.
The tree, 14 words punct nsubj punct punct parataxis punct advmod conj punct cop det amod case det nmod cc det conj punct root « PUNCT Bud PROPN » PUNCT ( PUNCT informal ADJ , PUNCT mostly ADV American ADJ ) PUNCT is AUX a DET friendly ADJ word NOUN for ADP a DET friend NOUN or CCONJ a DET boy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Bud punct 2 Bud Bud PROPN Number=Sing 13 word nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Bud punct 4 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 informal punct 5 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 2 Bud parataxis 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 American punct 7 mostly mostly ADV _ 8 American advmod 8 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 5 informal conj 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 informal punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 word cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 word det 12 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 13 word amod 13 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 14 for for ADP _ 16 friend case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 friend det 16 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 13 word nmod 17 or or CCONJ _ 19 boy cc 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 boy det 19 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 16 friend conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 13 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Bud a friendly word for a friend or a boy tree rules
Meaning 4 A budding artist is one who is just starting and may become good.
det compound nsubj cop nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl cc aux conj xcomp punct root A DET budding NOUN artist NOUN is AUX one NUM who PRON is AUX just ADV starting VERB and CCONJ may AUX become VERB good ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 artist det 2 budding budding NOUN Number=Sing 3 artist compound 3 artist artist NOUN Number=Sing 5 one nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 one cop 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 starting nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 starting aux 8 just just ADV _ 9 starting advmod 9 starting start VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 one acl:relcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 become cc 11 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 become aux 12 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 starting conj 13 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 12 become xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a budding artist one tree rules 2 start present · progressive vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 become may good property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 1 The rose has three buds.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET rose NOUN has VERB three NUM buds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rose det 2 rose rose NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 buds nummod 5 buds bud NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the rose three buds vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bud=Patient
Example 2 In spring, buds appear on the trees.
case obl punct nsubj case det obl punct root In ADP spring NOUN , PUNCT buds NOUN appear VERB on ADP the DET trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 spring case 2 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 5 appear obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 spring punct 4 buds bud NOUN Number=Plur 5 appear nsubj 5 appear appear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 on on ADP _ 8 trees case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 trees det 8 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 5 appear obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 appear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 appear present buds the trees spring vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location
Example 3 The bud opened into a flower.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET bud NOUN opened VERB into ADP a DET flower NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bud det 2 bud bud NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened nsubj 3 opened open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 6 flower case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 flower det 6 flower flower NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 opened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open past the bud a flower vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into flower=Recipient
Example 4 My taste buds love sour sweets.
nmod:poss compound nsubj amod obj punct root My PRON taste NOUN buds NOUN love VERB sour ADJ sweets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 buds nmod:poss 2 taste taste NOUN Number=Sing 3 buds compound 3 buds bud NOUN Number=Plur 4 love nsubj 4 love love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 sour sour ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sweets amod 6 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 4 love obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 love punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 love present My taste buds sour sweets vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sweet=Stimulus
Example 5 Thanks, bud!
punct conj punct root Thanks NOUN , PUNCT bud NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thanks thanks NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 bud punct 3 bud bud NOUN Number=Sing 1 Thanks conj 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Thanks punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 6 She is a budding scientist.
nsubj cop det compound punct root She PRON is AUX a DET budding NOUN scientist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 scientist nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 scientist cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 scientist det 4 budding budding NOUN Number=Sing 5 scientist compound 5 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 scientist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present She a budding scientist tree rules
Example 7 Nip bad habits in the bud.
compound amod case det nmod punct root Nip NOUN bad ADJ habits NOUN in ADP the DET bud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nip nip NOUN Number=Sing 3 habits compound 2 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 habits amod 3 habits habit NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 bud case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bud det 6 bud bud NOUN Number=Sing 3 habits nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 habits punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 8 Put in your earbuds to listen to music.
case nmod:poss obl mark advcl case obl punct root Put VERB in ADP your PRON earbuds NOUN to PART listen VERB to ADP music NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 in in ADP _ 4 earbuds case 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 earbuds nmod:poss 4 earbuds earbud NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obl 5 to to PART _ 6 listen mark 6 listen listen VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Put advcl 7 to to ADP _ 8 music case 8 music music NOUN Number=Sing 6 listen obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here your earbuds vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in earbud=Destination 2 listen to-infinitive you not said here to music vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to music=Theme
Example 9 It is a simple daisy, just bursting out of the bud.
nsubj cop det amod punct advmod acl case case det obl punct root It PRON is AUX a DET simple ADJ daisy NOUN , PUNCT just ADV bursting VERB out ADP of ADP the DET bud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 daisy nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 daisy cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 daisy det 4 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 5 daisy amod 5 daisy daisy NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 bursting punct 7 just just ADV _ 8 bursting advmod 8 bursting burst VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 daisy acl 9 out out ADP _ 12 bud case 10 of of ADP _ 12 bud case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 bud det 12 bud bud NOUN Number=Sing 8 bursting obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 daisy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a simple daisy tree rules 2 burst out gerund a simple daisy not said here the bud vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bud=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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