bully Who acts: bully, person, you, someone, We, school · What happens: be, hurt, frighten, pick, bully, threaten · To what, where: person, someone, them, purpose, old friendly word, good fellow · Speech: someone speaks here
«bully» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bully in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bully is a person who hurts, frightens or picks on someone smaller or weaker again and again on purpose.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl punct conj cc conj case obl amod cc conj advmod cc conj case obl punct root A DET bully NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON hurts VERB , PUNCT frightens VERB or CCONJ picks VERB on ADP someone PRON smaller ADJ or CCONJ weaker ADJ again ADV and CCONJ again ADV on ADP purpose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bully det 2 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 hurts nsubj 7 hurts hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 frightens punct 9 frightens frighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hurts conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 picks cc 11 picks pick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hurts conj 12 on on ADP _ 13 someone case 13 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 picks obl 14 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 someone amod 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 weaker cc 16 weaker weak ADJ Degree=Cmp 14 smaller conj 17 again again ADV _ 11 picks advmod 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 again cc 19 again again ADV _ 17 again conj 20 on on ADP _ 21 purpose case 21 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 11 picks obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bully a person tree rules 2 hurt present a person vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 frighten present a person not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 pick present a person not said here again on purpose; on someone vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent on someone=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To bully someone is to keep hurting, threatening, teasing or leaving them out on purpose.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj obj cop mark xcomp punct conj punct conj cc conj obj compound:prt case obl punct root To PART bully VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART keep VERB hurting VERB , PUNCT threatening VERB , PUNCT teasing VERB or CCONJ leaving VERB them PRON out ADP on ADP purpose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 bully mark 2 bully bully VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 keep csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 bully obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 keep cop 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 hurting hurt VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 keep xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 threatening punct 9 threatening threaten VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 hurting conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 teasing punct 11 teasing tease VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 hurting conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 leaving cc 13 leaving leave VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 hurting conj 14 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 leaving obj 15 out out ADP _ 13 leaving compound:prt 16 on on ADP _ 17 purpose case 17 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 13 leaving obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bully to-infinitive someone vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Beneficiary 2 is present keep property tree rules 3 hurt gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 threaten gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 5 tease gerund vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6 leave out gerund them = they purpose vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
Meaning 3 Bully can also be an old friendly word for a good fellow, used when speaking warmly to a friend.
The tree, 19 words nsubj aux advmod cop det amod amod case det amod nmod punct acl advmod advcl advmod case det obl punct root Bully NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX an DET old ADJ friendly ADJ word NOUN for ADP a DET good ADJ fellow NOUN , PUNCT used VERB when ADV speaking VERB warmly ADV to ADP a DET friend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 8 word nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 word aux 3 also also ADV _ 8 word advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 word cop 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 word det 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 8 word amod 7 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 8 word amod 8 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 for for ADP _ 12 fellow case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 fellow det 11 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 12 fellow amod 12 fellow fellow NOUN Number=Sing 8 word nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 used punct 14 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 fellow acl 15 when when ADV PronType=Int 16 speaking advmod 16 speaking speak VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 used advcl 17 warmly warmly ADV _ 16 speaking advmod 18 to to ADP _ 20 friend case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 friend det 20 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 16 speaking obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 8 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can Bully a old friendly word for a good fellow tree rules 2 use participle a good fellow not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 speak speech: other gerund to a friend; warmly property vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to friend=Co-Agent
Example 1 Tell a teacher if someone is bullying you.
det obj mark nsubj aux advcl obj punct root Tell VERB a DET teacher NOUN if SCONJ someone PRON is AUX bullying VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 teacher det 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 1 Tell obj 4 if if SCONJ _ 7 bullying mark 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 bullying nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bullying aux 7 bullying bully VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Tell advcl 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 bullying obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert imperative you not said here a teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient 2 bully a condition, not said to happen present · progressive someone you vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary
Example 2 The bully took his lunch money.
det nsubj nmod:poss compound obj punct root The DET bully NOUN took VERB his PRON lunch NOUN money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bully det 2 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 3 took nsubj 3 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 money nmod:poss 5 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 6 money compound 6 money money NOUN Number=Sing 3 took obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past the bully bully's lunch money vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme
Example 3 Being bullied is never your fault.
aux:pass csubj cop advmod nmod:poss punct root Being AUX bullied VERB is AUX never ADV your PRON fault NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 bullied aux:pass 2 bullied bully VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 fault csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 fault cop 4 never never ADV PronType=Neg 6 fault advmod 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 fault nmod:poss 6 fault fault NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 fault punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bully gerund · passive vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary» 2 not is a present your fault tree rules
Example 4 We stood up for her when the bully called her names.
nsubj compound:prt case obl advmod det nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root We PRON stood VERB up ADP for ADP her PRON when ADV the DET bully NOUN called VERB her PRON names NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 stood nsubj 2 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 stood compound:prt 4 for for ADP _ 5 her case 5 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stood obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 called advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bully det 8 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 9 called nsubj 9 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 stood advcl 10 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 names nmod:poss 11 names name NOUN Number=Plur 9 called obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand up past We for her = she vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 call past the bully bully's names vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient 3 name bully nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Our school has an anti-bullying week.
nmod:poss nsubj det amod obj punct root Our PRON school NOUN has VERB an DET anti-bullying ADJ week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 school nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 week det 5 anti-bullying anti-bullying ADJ Degree=Pos 6 week amod 6 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our school week vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Bullying online is called cyberbullying.
nsubj:pass advmod aux:pass xcomp punct root Bullying NOUN online ADV is AUX called VERB cyberbullying NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bullying bullying NOUN Number=Sing 4 called nsubj:pass 2 online online ADV _ 1 Bullying advmod 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 called aux:pass 4 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 cyberbullying cyberbullying NOUN Number=Sing 4 called xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive Bullying vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 7 A real friend never bullies you.
det amod nsubj advmod obj punct root A DET real ADJ friend NOUN never ADV bullies VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 friend det 2 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 3 friend amod 3 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 5 bullies nsubj 4 never never ADV PronType=Neg 5 bullies advmod 5 bullies bully VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 bullies obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 bullies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not bully present a real friend you vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary
Example 8 The bully said sorry in the end.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET bully NOUN said VERB sorry ADJ in ADP the DET end NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bully det 2 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 3 said xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 end case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 end det 7 end end NOUN Number=Sing 3 said obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: apologize past the bully in the end sorry property vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in end=Manner
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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