bullying Who acts: someone, Bullying, they, you, school, Leaving · What happens: be, frighten, leave out, think, mean, treat · To what, where: person, purpose, someone, teacher, you, rule · Speech: someone speaks here
«bullying» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: bullying in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Bullying is when someone hurts, frightens or leaves out another person on purpose, again and again, often because they think they are stronger.
The tree, 23 words nsubj cop mark nsubj ccomp punct cc conj compound:prt det obj case obl punct advmod cc conj punct advmod mark nsubj conj nsubj cop ccomp punct root Bullying NOUN is AUX when SCONJ someone PRON hurts VERB , PUNCT frightens VERB or CCONJ leaves VERB out ADP another DET person NOUN on ADP purpose NOUN , PUNCT again ADV and CCONJ again ADV , PUNCT often ADV because SCONJ they PRON think VERB they PRON are AUX stronger ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bullying bullying NOUN Number=Sing 7 frightens nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hurts cop 3 when when SCONJ _ 5 hurts mark 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 hurts nsubj 5 hurts hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Bullying ccomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 frightens punct 7 frightens frighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 leaves cc 9 leaves leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 frightens conj 10 out out ADP _ 9 leaves compound:prt 11 another another DET PronType=Ind 12 person det 12 person person NOUN Number=Sing 9 leaves obj 13 on on ADP _ 14 purpose case 14 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 9 leaves obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 again punct 16 again again ADV _ 7 frightens advmod 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 again cc 18 again again ADV _ 16 again conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 23 think punct 20 often often ADV _ 23 think advmod 21 because because SCONJ _ 23 think mark 22 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 think nsubj 23 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 frightens conj 24 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 26 stronger nsubj 25 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 stronger cop 26 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 23 think ccomp 27 . . PUNCT _ 7 frightens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present someone hurt property tree rules 2 frighten present Bullying again vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 leave out present Bullying not said here another person purpose vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme 4 think speech: other present they often property vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 is present they strong property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 As part of the verb, bullying means treating someone like this now.
case obl case det nmod punct nsubj xcomp obj case nmod advmod punct root As ADP part NOUN of ADP the DET verb NOUN , PUNCT bullying NOUN means VERB treating VERB someone PRON like ADP this PRON now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 2 part case 2 part part NOUN Number=Sing 8 means obl 3 of of ADP _ 5 verb case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 verb det 5 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 2 part nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 part punct 7 bullying bullying NOUN Number=Sing 8 means nsubj 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 treating treat VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 means xcomp 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 treating obj 11 like like ADP _ 12 this case 12 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 someone nmod 13 now now ADV PronType=Dem 9 treating advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present bullying as part of the verb vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 treat not said to happen gerund bullying not said here someone now like this vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient
Example 1 Bullying is never okay.
nsubj cop advmod punct root Bullying NOUN is AUX never ADV okay ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bullying bullying NOUN Number=Sing 4 okay nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 okay cop 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 okay advmod 4 okay okay ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 okay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present Bullying okay property tree rules
Example 2 Tell a teacher if someone is bullying you.
det obj mark nsubj aux advcl obj punct root Tell VERB a DET teacher NOUN if SCONJ someone PRON is AUX bullying VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 teacher det 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 1 Tell obj 4 if if SCONJ _ 7 bullying mark 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 bullying nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bullying aux 7 bullying bully VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Tell advcl 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 bullying obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert imperative you not said here a teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient 2 bully a condition, not said to happen present · progressive someone you vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary
Example 3 Our school has a rule against bullying.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Our PRON school NOUN has VERB a DET rule NOUN against ADP bullying NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 school nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 rule det 5 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 against against ADP _ 7 bullying case 7 bullying bullying NOUN Number=Sing 5 rule nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our school a rule against bullying vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient
Example 4 Leaving someone out on purpose can be bullying.
csubj obj compound:prt case obl aux aux punct root Leaving VERB someone PRON out ADP on ADP purpose NOUN can AUX be AUX bullying VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leaving leave VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 bullying csubj 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Leaving obj 3 out out ADP _ 1 Leaving compound:prt 4 on on ADP _ 5 purpose case 5 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 1 Leaving obl 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 bullying aux 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 bullying aux 8 bullying bully VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 bullying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave out gerund someone purpose vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 2 bully can · progressive Leaving vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Cyberbullying happens online.
nsubj advmod punct root Cyberbullying NOUN happens VERB online ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cyberbullying cyberbullying NOUN Number=Sing 2 happens nsubj 2 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 online online ADV _ 2 happens advmod 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 happens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen present Cyberbullying online property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 He stopped bullying after the teacher spoke to him.
nsubj xcomp mark det nsubj advcl case obl punct root He PRON stopped VERB bullying VERB after SCONJ the DET teacher NOUN spoke VERB to ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stopped nsubj 2 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bullying bully VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 stopped xcomp 4 after after SCONJ _ 7 spoke mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 teacher det 6 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 7 spoke nsubj 7 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 bullying advcl 8 to to ADP _ 9 him case 9 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 spoke obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past He vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 bully gerund He not said here vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent 3 speak speech: other past the teacher him = he vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent
Example 7 If you see bullying, don't join in — get help.
mark nsubj advcl obj punct aux advmod compound:prt punct conj obj punct root If SCONJ you PRON see VERB bullying NOUN , PUNCT do AUX n't PART join VERB in ADP — PUNCT get VERB help NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 see mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 see nsubj 3 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 join advcl 4 bullying bullying NOUN Number=Sing 3 see obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 see punct 6 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 8 join aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 join advmod 8 join join VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 in in ADP _ 8 join compound:prt 10 — - PUNCT _ 11 get punct 11 get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 8 join conj 12 help help NOUN Number=Sing 11 get obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 join punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see a condition, not said to happen present you bullying vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bullying=Stimulus 2 not join in imperative · do-support you not said here vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 get infinitive you not said here help vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer help=Stimulus
Example 8 It's not your fault if you are being bullied.
nsubj cop advmod nmod:poss mark nsubj:pass aux:pass aux:pass advcl punct root It PRON 's AUX not PART your PRON fault NOUN if SCONJ you PRON are AUX being AUX bullied VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 fault nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fault cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 fault advmod 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 fault nmod:poss 5 fault fault NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 if if SCONJ _ 10 bullied mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 bullied nsubj:pass 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 bullied aux:pass 9 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 bullied aux:pass 10 bullied bully VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 fault advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 fault punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present It your fault tree rules 2 bully a condition, not said to happen present · passive you vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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