calve Who acts: cow, glacier, We, ice, Elephants, farmer · What happens: give, have, break off, fall, be, calve · To what, where: birth, calf, big piece, sea, cows, huge iceberg
«calve» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: calve in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: of a cow, whale, elephant and some other animals — kept apart, not parsed.
To give birth to a calf.
mark obj case det obl punct root To PART give VERB birth NOUN to ADP a DET calf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 give mark 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 birth birth NOUN Number=Sing 2 give obj 4 to to ADP _ 6 calf case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 calf det 6 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 2 give obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give to-infinitive birth a calf vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to calf=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: of a glacier or iceberg — kept apart, not parsed.
To have a big piece of ice break off and fall into the sea.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl det amod obj case nmod compound:prt cc conj case det obl punct root To PART have VERB a DET big ADJ piece NOUN of ADP ice NOUN break VERB off ADP and CCONJ fall VERB into ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 have mark 2 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 break advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 piece det 4 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 5 piece amod 5 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 ice case 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nmod 8 break break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 off off ADP _ 8 break compound:prt 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 fall cc 11 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 break conj 12 into into ADP _ 14 sea case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 sea det 14 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 11 fall obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 break punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have to-infinitive a big piece of ice vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Patient 2 break off present vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 fall infinitive into the sea result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into sea=Result
Example 1 The cow is due to calve next week.
det nsubj cop mark xcomp amod obl:unmarked punct root The DET cow NOUN is AUX due ADJ to PART calve VERB next ADJ week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cow det 2 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 4 due nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 due cop 4 due due ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to PART _ 6 calve mark 6 calve calve VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 due xcomp 7 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 8 week amod 8 week week NOUN Number=Sing 6 calve obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 due punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the cow due property tree rules 2 calve to-infinitive the cow not said here week vn calve-28.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Most of the cows calved in March.
case det nmod acl case obl punct root Most ADJ of ADP the DET cows NOUN calved VERB in ADP March PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup root root 2 of of ADP _ 4 cows case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cows det 4 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 1 Most nmod 5 calved calve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 cows acl 6 in in ADP _ 7 March case 7 March March PROPN Number=Sing 5 calved obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Most punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 calve participle the cows not said here march vn calve-28.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The glacier calved a huge iceberg into the sea.
det nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root The DET glacier NOUN calved VERB a DET huge ADJ iceberg NOUN into ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 glacier det 2 glacier glacier NOUN Number=Sing 3 calved nsubj 3 calved calve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 iceberg det 5 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 6 iceberg amod 6 iceberg iceberg NOUN Number=Sing 3 calved obj 7 into into ADP _ 9 sea case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sea det 9 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 calved obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 calved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 calve past the glacier a huge iceberg the sea tree rules
Example 4 We watched a video of ice calving into the ocean.
nsubj det obj case nmod acl case det obl punct root We PRON watched VERB a DET video NOUN of ADP ice NOUN calving VERB into ADP the DET ocean NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 watched nsubj 2 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 video det 4 video video NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 ice case 6 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 4 video nmod 7 calving calve VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 ice acl 8 into into ADP _ 10 ocean case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 ocean det 10 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 7 calving obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past We a video of ice vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent video=Theme 2 calve gerund ice not said here the ocean vn calve-28.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Elephants calve about every four or five years.
nsubj advmod det nummod cc conj obl:unmarked punct root Elephants NOUN calve VERB about ADV every DET four NUM or CCONJ five NUM years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 2 calve nsubj 2 calve calve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about ADV _ 5 four advmod 4 every every DET PronType=Tot 5 four det 5 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 years nummod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 five cc 7 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 four conj 8 years year NOUN Number=Plur 2 calve obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 calve punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 calve present Elephants year vn calve-28.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The farmer stayed up all night while the cow calved.
det nsubj compound:prt det obl:unmarked mark det parataxis acl punct root The DET farmer NOUN stayed VERB up ADP all DET night NOUN while SCONJ the DET cow NOUN calved VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 stayed nsubj 3 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 stayed compound:prt 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 night det 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 stayed obl:unmarked 7 while while SCONJ _ 9 cow mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cow det 9 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 3 stayed parataxis 10 calved calve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 cow acl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 stayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay up past the farmer night vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 calve participle the cow not said here vn calve-28.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 As soon as they have calved, I shall sell the calves.
advmod advmod mark nsubj aux advcl punct nsubj aux det obj punct root As ADV soon ADV as SCONJ they PRON have AUX calved VERB , PUNCT I PRON shall AUX sell VERB the DET calves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADV _ 2 soon advmod 2 soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 10 sell advmod 3 as as SCONJ _ 6 calved mark 4 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 calved nsubj 5 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 calved aux 6 calved calve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 10 sell advcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 calved punct 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 sell nsubj 9 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 sell aux 10 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 calves det 12 calves calf NOUN Number=Plur 10 sell obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 sell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 calve present · perfect they vn calve-28.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 sell shall I the calves soon property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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