causative Who acts: its, sentence, form, something, I, hair · What happens: cause, act, show, make, happen, have · To what, where: something, someone, form, hair, him, verb · Speech: someone speaks here
«causative» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: causative in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Causing something, acting as its cause («a causative factor», «the causative virus»).
The tree, 12 words obj punct conj case nmod:poss obl punct punct det amod appos punct punct punct det compound parataxis punct punct punct root Causing VERB something PRON , PUNCT acting VERB as ADP its PRON cause NOUN ( PUNCT « PUNCT a DET causative ADJ factor NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT the DET causative NOUN virus NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Causing cause VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Causing obj 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 acting punct 4 acting act VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Causing conj 5 as as ADP _ 7 cause case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 cause nmod:poss 7 cause cause NOUN Number=Sing 4 acting obl 8 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 factor punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 12 factor punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 factor det 11 causative causative ADJ Degree=Pos 12 factor amod 12 factor factor NOUN Number=Sing 7 cause appos 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 factor punct 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 virus punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 18 virus punct 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 virus det 17 causative causative NOUN Number=Sing 18 virus compound 18 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 12 factor parataxis 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 virus punct 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 factor punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 1 Causing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause gerund something vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition something=Patient 2 act gerund as its cause vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as cause=Attribute 3 cause its = it nom cause «event transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.
A form of a verb or sentence that shows someone makes something happen or has it done, like «I had my hair cut» or «She made him laugh».
The tree, 28 words det nsubj case det nmod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj obj xcomp cc conj obj xcomp punct mark punct nsubj parataxis nmod:poss obj xcomp punct cc punct nsubj conj obj xcomp punct punct root A DET form NOUN of ADP a DET verb NOUN or CCONJ sentence NOUN that PRON shows VERB someone PRON makes VERB something PRON happen VERB or CCONJ has VERB it PRON done VERB , PUNCT like SCONJ « PUNCT I PRON had VERB my PRON hair NOUN cut VERB » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT She PRON made VERB him PRON laugh VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 form det 2 form form NOUN Number=Sing 11 makes nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 verb case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 verb det 5 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 2 form nmod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 sentence cc 7 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 5 verb conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 shows nsubj 9 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sentence acl:relcl 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 shows obj 11 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 makes obj 13 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 makes xcomp 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 has cc 15 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 makes conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 has obj 17 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 has xcomp 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 had punct 19 like like SCONJ _ 22 had mark 20 « « PUNCT _ 22 had punct 21 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 22 had nsubj 22 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 makes parataxis 23 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 24 hair nmod:poss 24 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 22 had obj 25 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 22 had xcomp 26 » » PUNCT _ 25 cut punct 27 or or CCONJ _ 30 made cc 28 « « PUNCT _ 30 made punct 29 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 30 made nsubj 30 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 22 had conj 31 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 30 made obj 32 laugh laugh VERB VerbForm=Inf 30 made xcomp 33 » » PUNCT _ 32 laugh punct 34 . . PUNCT _ 11 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present sentence someone vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient 2 make present a form of a verb or sentence something tree rules 3 happen infinitive something not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 have present a form of a verb or sentence not said here form tree rules 5 do participle form not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 6 have in a quote past I my hair tree rules 7 cut in a quote participle my hair not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 8 make in a quote past She him = he tree rules 9 laugh in a quote infinitive him = he not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 10 form a verb or sentence nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 Scientists found the causative virus of the illness.
nsubj det compound obj case det nmod punct root Scientists NOUN found VERB the DET causative NOUN virus NOUN of ADP the DET illness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 virus det 4 causative causative NOUN Number=Sing 5 virus compound 5 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 illness case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 illness det 8 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 5 virus nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past Scientists the causative virus of the illness vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent virus=Topic
Example 2 Smoking is a causative factor in many lung diseases.
nsubj cop det compound case amod compound nmod punct root Smoking NOUN is AUX a DET causative NOUN factor NOUN in ADP many ADJ lung NOUN diseases NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoking smoking NOUN Number=Sing 5 factor nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 factor cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 factor det 4 causative causative NOUN Number=Sing 5 factor compound 5 factor factor NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 9 diseases case 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 diseases amod 8 lung lung NOUN Number=Sing 9 diseases compound 9 diseases disease NOUN Number=Plur 5 factor nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 factor punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Smoking a causative factor many lung diseases tree rules
Example 3 "I had my bike repaired" is a causative sentence.
punct nsubj parataxis nmod:poss obj xcomp punct cop det compound punct root " PUNCT I PRON had VERB my PRON bike NOUN repaired VERB " PUNCT is AUX a DET causative NOUN sentence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 had punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 sentence parataxis 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 bike nmod:poss 5 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 repaired repair VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 had xcomp 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 had punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 sentence cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 sentence det 10 causative causative NOUN Number=Sing 11 sentence compound 11 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 sentence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote past I my bike tree rules 2 repair in a quote participle my bike not said here vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent 3 is a present a causative sentence tree rules
Example 4 In the causative, the person doing the work is often not named.
case det obl punct det nsubj:pass acl det obj aux:pass advmod advmod punct root In ADP the DET causative NOUN , PUNCT the DET person NOUN doing VERB the DET work NOUN is AUX often ADV not PART named VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 causative case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 causative det 3 causative causative NOUN Number=Sing 13 named obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 causative punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 person det 6 person person NOUN Number=Sing 13 named nsubj:pass 7 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 person acl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 work det 9 work work NOUN Number=Sing 7 doing obj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 named aux:pass 11 often often ADV _ 13 named advmod 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 named advmod 13 named name VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 14 . . PUNCT _ 13 named punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do gerund the person not said here the work vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality 2 not name present · passive the person the causative often property vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 5 "Make" is a causative verb in "Mum made me tidy my room".
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj punct cop det compound mark punct nsubj advcl obj xcomp nmod:poss obj punct punct root " PUNCT Make NOUN " PUNCT is AUX a DET causative NOUN verb NOUN in SCONJ " PUNCT Mum NOUN made VERB me PRON tidy VERB my PRON room NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Make punct 2 Make make NOUN Number=Sing 7 verb nsubj 3 " " PUNCT _ 2 Make punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 verb cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 verb det 6 causative causative NOUN Number=Sing 7 verb compound 7 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in SCONJ _ 11 made mark 9 " " PUNCT _ 11 made punct 10 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 11 made nsubj 11 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 verb advcl 12 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 made obj 13 tidy tidy VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 made xcomp 14 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 room nmod:poss 15 room room NOUN Number=Sing 13 tidy obj 16 " " PUNCT _ 13 tidy punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 verb punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Make a causative verb tree rules 2 make in a quote past Mum me tree rules 3 tidy in a quote infinitive me not said here my room tree rules
Example 6 The doctor explained the causative link between sugar and tooth decay.
det nsubj det compound obj case nmod cc compound conj punct root The DET doctor NOUN explained VERB the DET causative NOUN link NOUN between ADP sugar NOUN and CCONJ tooth NOUN decay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 explained nsubj 3 explained explain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 link det 5 causative causative NOUN Number=Sing 6 link compound 6 link link NOUN Number=Sing 3 explained obj 7 between between ADP _ 8 sugar case 8 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 6 link nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 decay cc 10 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 11 decay compound 11 decay decay NOUN Number=Sing 8 sugar conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 explained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 explain speech: assert past the doctor the causative link between sugar and tooth decay vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent link=Topic
Example 7 We practised causatives: "I got my hair cut", "She had her eyes tested".
The tree, 13 words nsubj obj punct punct nsubj parataxis nmod:poss obj xcomp punct punct punct nsubj conj nmod:poss nsubj ccomp punct punct root We PRON practised VERB causatives NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT I PRON got VERB my PRON hair NOUN cut VERB " PUNCT , PUNCT " PUNCT She PRON had VERB her PRON eyes NOUN tested VERB " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 practised nsubj 2 practised practise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 causatives causative NOUN Number=Plur 2 practised obj 4 : : PUNCT _ 7 got punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 7 got punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 got nsubj 7 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 practised parataxis 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 hair nmod:poss 9 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 7 got obj 10 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 got xcomp 11 " " PUNCT _ 10 cut punct 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 had punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 15 had punct 14 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 had nsubj 15 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 got conj 16 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 eyes nmod:poss 17 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 18 tested nsubj 18 tested test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 had ccomp 19 " " PUNCT _ 15 had punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 practised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 practise past We causatives tree rules 2 get in a quote past I my hair tree rules 3 cut in a quote participle my hair not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 have in a quote past She tree rules 5 test in a quote past her eyes vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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