causation

Who acts: one thing, thing, link, Scientists, cream sales, that · What happens: make, happen, process, show, cause, do · To what, where: one thing, one event, tests, causation, both, wars · Speech: someone speaks here

«causation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: causation in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The process of one thing making another thing happen; cause and effect.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 process	det
2	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 thing	case
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 thing	nummod
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 process	nmod
6	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 thing	acl
7	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	8 thing	det
8	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 happen	nsubj
9	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 making	xcomp
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 cause	punct
11	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 process	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 effect	cc
13	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cause	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 process	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	make	gerund	one thing not said here		tree rules
2	happen	infinitive	another thing		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	process			one thing	nom process «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

The link showing that one event was really caused by another.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 link	det
2	link	link	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	showing	show	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 link	acl
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 caused	mark
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 event	nummod
6	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 caused	nsubj:pass
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 caused	aux:pass
8	really	really	ADV	_	9 caused	advmod
9	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 showing	ccomp
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 another	case
11	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	9 caused	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 link	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	gerund	the link not said here						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	cause	past · passive		one event				by another	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Example 1

Scientists did tests to prove causation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 did	nsubj
2	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	tests	test	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 did	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 prove	mark
5	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 did	advcl
6	causation	causation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prove	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past	Scientists	tests					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality
2	prove	to-infinitive	Scientists not said here	causation					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent causation=Theme

Example 2

Ice cream sales and sunburn rise together, but that is not causation; the sun causes both.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cream	compound
2	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sales	compound
3	sales	sale	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 rise	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 sunburn	cc
5	sunburn	sunburn	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sales	conj
6	rise	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	together	together	ADV	_	6 rise	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 causation	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 causation	cc
10	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	13 causation	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 causation	cop
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 causation	advmod
13	causation	causation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rise	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 causes	punct
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 sun	det
16	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 causes	nsubj
17	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rise	parataxis
18	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	17 causes	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 rise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	rise	present	cream sales and sunburn		together property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not is a	present	that	causation		tree rules
3	cause	present	the sun	both		vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition both=Patient

Example 3

Historians study the causation of wars.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 study	nsubj
2	study	study	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 causation	det
4	causation	causation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 study	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 wars	case
6	wars	war	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 causation	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 study	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	present	Historians	the causation of wars					vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent causation=Topic
2	cause			wars					nom causation «act transitive»: of=patient

Example 4

Correlation does not mean causation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Correlation	correlation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mean	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 mean	advmod
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	causation	causation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mean	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not mean	present · do-support	Correlation	causation					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent causation=Topic

Example 5

We looked at causation in our science experiment.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 looked	nsubj
2	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 causation	case
4	causation	causation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 looked	obl
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 experiment	case
6	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 experiment	nmod:poss
7	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 experiment	compound
8	experiment	experiment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 looked	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 looked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	past	We					in our science experiment; at causation	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at causation=Theme
2	experiment		our						nom experiment «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/causation/