chain Who acts: chain, metal rings, things, chain gang, prisoners, paper chain · What happens: be, call, join, follow, chain, work · To what, where: row, links, one, group, prisoners, 40 links · Speech: someone speaks here
«chain» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chain in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A chain is a row of metal rings, called links, joined together.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj cop det case compound nmod punct acl xcomp punct conj advmod punct root A DET chain NOUN is AUX a DET row NOUN of ADP metal NOUN rings NOUN , PUNCT called VERB links NOUN , PUNCT joined VERB together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chain det 2 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 5 row nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 row cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 row det 5 row row NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 rings case 7 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 8 rings compound 8 rings ring NOUN Number=Plur 5 row nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 called punct 10 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 rings acl 11 links link NOUN Number=Plur 10 called xcomp 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 joined punct 13 joined join VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 row conj 14 together together ADV _ 13 joined advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 row punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chain a row of metal rings tree rules 2 call participle metal rings not said here links vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 join participle a chain not said here together property vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A chain is a row of things joined or following one another, like a chain of islands or a food chain.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det case nmod acl cc conj obl fixed punct case det conj case nmod cc det compound conj punct root A DET chain NOUN is AUX a DET row NOUN of ADP things NOUN joined VERB or CCONJ following VERB one NUM another DET , PUNCT like ADP a DET chain NOUN of ADP islands NOUN or CCONJ a DET food NOUN chain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chain det 2 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 5 row nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 row cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 row det 5 row row NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 things case 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 5 row nmod 8 joined join VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 things acl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 following cc 10 following follow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 joined conj 11 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 joined obl 12 another another DET PronType=Ind 11 one fixed 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 chain punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 chain case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 chain det 16 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 5 row conj 17 of of ADP _ 18 islands case 18 islands island NOUN Number=Plur 16 chain nmod 19 or or CCONJ _ 22 chain cc 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 chain det 21 food food NOUN Number=Sing 22 chain compound 22 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 18 islands conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 row punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chain a row and a chain of islands or a food chain of things tree rules 2 join participle things not said here one vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 follow gerund things not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 A chain is a group of shops or hotels with the same name.
det nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj case det amod nmod punct root A DET chain NOUN is AUX a DET group NOUN of ADP shops NOUN or CCONJ hotels NOUN with ADP the DET same ADJ name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chain det 2 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 5 group nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 group cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 group det 5 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 shops case 7 shops shop NOUN Number=Plur 5 group nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 hotels cc 9 hotels hotel NOUN Number=Plur 7 shops conj 10 with with ADP _ 13 name case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 name det 12 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 13 name amod 13 name name NOUN Number=Sing 7 shops nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chain a group of shops with the same name or hotels tree rules
Meaning 4 To chain is to tie up with a chain.
mark advcl cop mark compound:prt case det obl punct root To PART chain NOUN is AUX to PART tie VERB up ADP with ADP a DET chain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chain mark 2 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 5 tie advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tie cop 4 to to PART _ 5 tie mark 5 tie tie VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 up up ADP _ 5 tie compound:prt 7 with with ADP _ 9 chain case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 chain det 9 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 5 tie obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 tie punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present with a chain; tie property tree rules
Meaning 5 A chain gang is a group of prisoners who are chained together while they work.
The tree, 15 words det compound nsubj cop det case nmod nsubj aux:pass acl:relcl advmod mark nsubj advcl punct root A DET chain NOUN gang NOUN is AUX a DET group NOUN of ADP prisoners NOUN who PRON are AUX chained VERB together ADV while SCONJ they PRON work VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 gang det 2 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 3 gang compound 3 gang gang NOUN Number=Sing 6 group nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 group cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 group det 6 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 prisoners case 8 prisoners prisoner NOUN Number=Plur 6 group nmod 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 11 chained nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 chained aux:pass 11 chained chain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 prisoners acl:relcl 12 together together ADV _ 11 chained advmod 13 while while SCONJ _ 15 work mark 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 work nsubj 15 work work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 chained advcl 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chain gang a group of prisoners tree rules 2 chain present · passive prisoners together property vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 3 work present prisoners = prisoner vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 A paper chain has 40 links.
det compound nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET paper NOUN chain NOUN has VERB 40 NUM links NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 chain det 2 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 3 chain compound 3 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 links nummod 6 links link NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a paper chain 40 links vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent link=Patient
Example 2 She adds 5 links each day.
nsubj nummod obj det obl:unmarked punct root She PRON adds VERB 5 NUM links NOUN each DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 adds nsubj 2 adds add VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 links nummod 4 links link NOUN Number=Plur 2 adds obj 5 each each DET PronType=Tot 6 day det 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 adds obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 adds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert present She 5 links day vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent link=Patient
Example 3 Each link is 2 cm long.
det nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root Each DET link NOUN is AUX 2 NUM cm NOUN long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 link det 2 link link NOUN Number=Sing 6 long nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 long cop 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cm nummod 5 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 6 long obl:unmarked 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present each link 2 cm obl:unmarked ; long property tree rules
Example 4 How long is a chain of 10 links?
advmod advmod cop det case nummod nmod punct root How ADV long ADV is AUX a DET chain NOUN of ADP 10 NUM links NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 long advmod 2 long long ADV Degree=Pos 5 chain advmod 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 chain cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 chain det 5 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 links case 7 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 links nummod 8 links link NOUN Number=Plur 5 chain nmod 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 chain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chain of 10 links; long property tree rules
Example 5 Grass, rabbit, fox: that is a food chain.
punct conj punct conj punct nsubj cop det compound conj punct root Grass NOUN , PUNCT rabbit NOUN , PUNCT fox NOUN : PUNCT that PRON is AUX a DET food NOUN chain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grass grass NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 rabbit punct 3 rabbit rabbit NOUN Number=Sing 1 Grass conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 fox punct 5 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 1 Grass conj 6 : : PUNCT _ 11 chain punct 7 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 11 chain nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 chain cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 chain det 10 food food NOUN Number=Sing 11 chain compound 11 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 1 Grass conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Grass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present that a food chain tree rules
Example 6 He chained his bike to the fence.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root He PRON chained VERB his PRON bike NOUN to ADP the DET fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 chained nsubj 2 chained chain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bike nmod:poss 4 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 2 chained obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 fence case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fence det 7 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 2 chained obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 chained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chain past He his bike to the fence vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent bike=Patient to fence=Co-Patient
Example 7 She wears a gold chain around her neck.
nsubj det compound obj case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON wears VERB a DET gold NOUN chain NOUN around ADP her PRON neck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wears nsubj 2 wears wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 chain det 4 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 5 chain compound 5 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 2 wears obj 6 around around ADP _ 8 neck case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 neck nmod:poss 8 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 2 wears obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 wears punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear present She a gold chain her neck vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent chain=Source
Example 8 The shop is part of a big chain.
det nsubj cop case det amod nmod punct root The DET shop NOUN is AUX part NOUN of ADP a DET big ADJ chain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 4 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 part cop 4 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 chain case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 chain det 7 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 8 chain amod 8 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 4 part nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the shop part of a big chain tree rules
Example 9 Hold hands to make a human chain.
obj mark advcl det amod obj punct root Hold VERB hands NOUN to PART make VERB a DET human ADJ chain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 1 Hold obj 3 to to PART _ 4 make mark 4 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Hold advcl 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 chain det 6 human human ADJ Degree=Pos 7 chain amod 7 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 4 make obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold imperative you not said here hands vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme 2 make to-infinitive you not said here a human chain vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset chain=Product
Example 10 One fall started a chain reaction of dominoes.
nummod nsubj det compound obj case nmod punct root One NUM fall NOUN started VERB a DET chain NOUN reaction NOUN of ADP dominoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 fall nummod 2 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 3 started nsubj 3 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 reaction det 5 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 6 reaction compound 6 reaction reaction NOUN Number=Sing 3 started obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 dominoes case 8 dominoes domino NOUN Number=Plur 6 reaction nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 started punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start past One fall a chain reaction of dominoes vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reaction=Eventuality 2 react dominoes nom reaction «process intransitive»: of=agent
Example 11 "He isn't chained up yet," said Johnnie.
punct nsubj aux:pass advmod ccomp compound:prt advmod punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT He PRON is AUX n't PART chained VERB up ADP yet ADV , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB Johnnie PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 chained punct 2 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 chained nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 chained aux:pass 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 chained advmod 5 chained chain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 said ccomp 6 up up ADP _ 5 chained compound:prt 7 yet yet ADV _ 5 chained advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 5 chained punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 5 chained punct 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 Johnnie Johnnie PROPN Number=Sing 10 said nsubj 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not chain up in a quote present · passive He yet vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 say speech: assert past Johnnie vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous chagrinnext → chainsaw↑ back to C in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chain/