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chalky

Who acts: Containing, White Cliffs, hands, face, plants, medicine · What happens: contain, make, be, draw, go, see · To what, where: chalk, pavement, spider, chalky soil, white marks, kettle

«chalky» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chalky in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Containing chalk or made of chalk, as in «chalky soil» or «chalky cliffs».

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Containing	contain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 made	csubj:pass
2	chalk	chalk	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Containing	obj
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 made	cc
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 chalk	case
6	chalk	chalk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 soil	punct
8	as	as	ADP	_	12 soil	case
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 soil	case
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 soil	punct
11	chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 soil	amod
12	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 soil	punct
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 cliffs	cc
15	«	«	PUNCT	_	17 cliffs	punct
16	chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 cliffs	amod
17	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 soil	conj
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 cliffs	punct
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	gerund		chalk					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot chalk=Theme
2	make	participle	Containing					of chalk; as chalky soil or chalky cliffs	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

White and pale like chalk, as in «a chalky face».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	White	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 pale	cc
3	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 White	conj
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 chalk	case
5	chalk	chalk	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pale	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 face	punct
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 face	mark
8	in	in	ADP	_	12 face	case
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 face	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 face	det
11	chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 face	amod
12	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 White	parataxis
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 face	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 White	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

Dry and powdery, as in «chalky tablets».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tablets	amod
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 powdery	cc
3	powdery	powdery	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Dry	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 tablets	punct
5	as	as	ADP	_	9 tablets	case
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 tablets	case
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 tablets	punct
8	chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tablets	amod
9	tablets	tablet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 tablets	punct
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 tablets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

The White Cliffs of Dover are chalky.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Cliffs	det
2	White	White	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 Cliffs	amod
3	Cliffs	Cliff	PROPN	Number=Plur	7 chalky	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Dover	case
5	Dover	Dover	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Cliffs	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 chalky	cop
7	chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 chalky	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the White Cliffs of Dover					chalky property	tree rules

Example 2

After drawing on the pavement, my hands were chalky.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	SCONJ	_	2 drawing	mark
2	drawing	draw	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 chalky	advcl
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 pavement	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pavement	det
5	pavement	pavement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drawing	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 drawing	punct
7	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 hands	nmod:poss
8	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 chalky	nsubj
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 chalky	cop
10	chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 chalky	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw	gerund	my hands not said here			the pavement			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on pavement=Destination
2	is	past	my hands					chalky property	tree rules

Example 3

His face went chalky white when he saw the spider.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 face	nmod:poss
2	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 went	nsubj
3	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 white	amod
5	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 went	xcomp
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 saw	advmod
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 saw	nsubj
8	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 went	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 spider	det
10	spider	spider	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 saw	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	His face					white property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	see	past	face	the spider					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spider=Stimulus

Example 4

Some plants grow well in chalky soil.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 plants	det
2	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	nsubj
3	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 grow	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 soil	case
6	chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 soil	amod
7	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 grow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	some plants			chalky soil		well property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location

Example 5

The medicine tasted dry and chalky.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 medicine	det
2	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tasted	nsubj
3	tasted	taste	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 tasted	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 chalky	cc
6	chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 dry	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 tasted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	taste	past	the medicine					dry property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Example 6

Chalky water leaves white marks on the kettle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chalky	chalky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 water	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaves	nsubj
3	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 marks	amod
5	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 leaves	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 kettle	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 kettle	det
8	kettle	kettle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaves	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 leaves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	present	Chalky water	white marks		the kettle			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mark=Theme on kettle=Location

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chalky/