challenge Who acts: challenge, that, you, I, it, reading challenge · What happens: be, test, challenge, do, finish, find · To what, where: hard task, someone, you, something, 100 books, 20 push ups · Speech: someone speaks here
«challenge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: challenge in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A challenge is a hard task or contest that tests how good or strong you are.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj nsubj parataxis advmod ccomp cc conj nsubj cop punct root A DET challenge NOUN is AUX a DET hard ADJ task NOUN or CCONJ contest NOUN that PRON tests VERB how ADV good ADJ or CCONJ strong ADJ you PRON are AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 challenge det 2 challenge challenge NOUN Number=Sing 6 task nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 task cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 task det 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 task amod 6 task task NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 contest cc 8 contest contest NOUN Number=Sing 6 task conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 tests nsubj 10 tests test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 task parataxis 11 how how ADV PronType=Int 12 good advmod 12 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 10 tests ccomp 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 strong cc 14 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 12 good conj 15 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 good nsubj 16 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 good cop 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 task punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a challenge a hard task or contest tree rules 2 test present that vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 is present you good property tree rules 4 be you not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To challenge someone is to invite them to a contest: «I challenge you to a race».
The tree, 16 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj case det obl punct punct nsubj parataxis obj case det obl punct punct root To PART challenge VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART invite VERB them PRON to ADP a DET contest NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON challenge VERB you PRON to ADP a DET race NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 challenge mark 2 challenge challenge VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 invite advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 challenge obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 invite cop 5 to to PART _ 6 invite mark 6 invite invite VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 invite obj 8 to to ADP _ 10 contest case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 contest det 10 contest contest NOUN Number=Sing 6 invite obl 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 challenge punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 challenge punct 13 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 challenge nsubj 14 challenge challenge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 invite parataxis 15 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 challenge obj 16 to to ADP _ 18 race case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 race det 18 race race NOUN Number=Sing 14 challenge obl 19 » » PUNCT _ 14 challenge punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 invite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 challenge to-infinitive someone tree rules 2 is present to a contest; invite property tree rules 3 challenge in a quote present I you to a race tree rules
Meaning 3 To challenge something is to question whether it is right or true.
mark csubj obj cop mark mark nsubj cop ccomp cc conj punct root To PART challenge VERB something PRON is AUX to PART question VERB whether SCONJ it PRON is AUX right ADJ or CCONJ true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 challenge mark 2 challenge challenge VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 question csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 challenge obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 question cop 5 to to PART _ 6 question mark 6 question question VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 whether whether SCONJ _ 10 right mark 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 right nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 right cop 10 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 6 question ccomp 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 true cc 12 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 10 right conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 question punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 challenge to-infinitive something tree rules 2 be speech: other present question property tree rules 3 is present it right property tree rules 4 be tree rules
Example 1 The reading challenge is 100 books.
det compound nsubj cop nummod punct root The DET reading NOUN challenge NOUN is AUX 100 NUM books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 challenge det 2 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 3 challenge compound 3 challenge challenge NOUN Number=Sing 6 books nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 books cop 5 100 100 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 books nummod 6 books book NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 books punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the reading challenge 100 books tree rules
Example 2 She did 20 push-ups in the challenge.
nsubj nummod compound punct obj case det obl punct root She PRON did VERB 20 NUM push NOUN - PUNCT ups NOUN in ADP the DET challenge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 did nsubj 2 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 ups nummod 4 push push NOUN Number=Sing 6 ups compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 push punct 6 ups up NOUN Number=Plur 2 did obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 challenge case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 challenge det 9 challenge challenge NOUN Number=Sing 2 did obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 did punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do past She 20 push ups the challenge vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent up=Eventuality
Example 3 How many more to finish the challenge?
advmod amod mark advcl det obj punct root How ADV many ADJ more ADJ to PART finish VERB the DET challenge NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 more amod 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 4 to to PART _ 5 finish mark 5 finish finish VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 more advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 challenge det 7 challenge challenge NOUN Number=Sing 5 finish obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 more punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 finish to-infinitive the challenge vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality challenge=Eventuality
Example 4 Challenge: find the missing number.
nsubj punct det amod obj punct root Challenge NOUN : PUNCT find VERB the DET missing ADJ number NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Challenge challenge NOUN Number=Sing 3 find nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 1 Challenge punct 3 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 number det 5 missing missing ADJ Degree=Pos 6 number amod 6 number number NOUN Number=Sing 3 find obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find infinitive Challenge the missing number vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic
Example 5 Learning to swim was a big challenge for him.
csubj mark xcomp cop det amod case nmod punct root Learning VERB to PART swim VERB was AUX a DET big ADJ challenge NOUN for ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Learning learn VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 challenge csubj 2 to to PART _ 3 swim mark 3 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Learning xcomp 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 challenge cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 challenge det 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 challenge amod 7 challenge challenge NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 for for ADP _ 9 him case 9 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 challenge nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 challenge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn gerund vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 swim to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is a past Learning a big challenge for him = he tree rules
Example 6 I challenge you to a race to the tree!
nsubj obj case det obl case det nmod punct root I PRON challenge VERB you PRON to ADP a DET race NOUN to ADP the DET tree NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 challenge nsubj 2 challenge challenge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 challenge obj 4 to to ADP _ 6 race case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 race det 6 race race NOUN Number=Sing 2 challenge obl 7 to to ADP _ 9 tree case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 tree det 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 6 race nmod 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 challenge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 challenge present I you to a race to the tree tree rules
Example 7 She rose to the challenge and won.
nsubj case det obl cc conj punct root She PRON rose VERB to ADP the DET challenge NOUN and CCONJ won VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rose nsubj 2 rose rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 challenge case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 challenge det 5 challenge challenge NOUN Number=Sing 2 rose obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 won cc 7 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 rose conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 rose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise past She the challenge vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to challenge=Initial_Location 2 win past She not said here vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 It's OK to challenge an idea if you have a reason.
nsubj cop mark xcomp det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root It PRON 's AUX OK ADJ to PART challenge VERB an DET idea NOUN if SCONJ you PRON have VERB a DET reason NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 OK nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 OK cop 3 OK ok ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 challenge mark 5 challenge challenge VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 OK xcomp 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 idea det 7 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 5 challenge obj 8 if if SCONJ _ 10 have mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 have nsubj 10 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 challenge advcl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 reason det 12 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 10 have obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 OK punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It ok property tree rules 2 challenge to-infinitive a idea tree rules 3 have a condition, not said to happen present you a reason vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient
Example 9 The puzzle was very challenging.
det nsubj cop advmod punct root The DET puzzle NOUN was AUX very ADV challenging ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puzzle det 2 puzzle puzzle NOUN Number=Sing 5 challenging nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 challenging cop 4 very very ADV _ 5 challenging advmod 5 challenging challenging ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 challenging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the puzzle challenging property tree rules
Example 10 Online «challenges» that are dangerous should never be tried.
amod punct nsubj punct nsubj cop acl:relcl aux advmod aux:pass punct root Online ADJ « PUNCT challenges NOUN » PUNCT that PRON are AUX dangerous ADJ should AUX never ADV be AUX tried VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Online online ADJ Degree=Pos 3 challenges amod 2 « « PUNCT _ 3 challenges punct 3 challenges challenge NOUN Number=Plur 11 tried nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 challenges punct 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 dangerous nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dangerous cop 7 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 challenges acl:relcl 8 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 tried aux 9 never never ADV PronType=Neg 11 tried advmod 10 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 tried aux:pass 11 tried try VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Online challenges dangerous property tree rules 2 not try should · passive Online challenges vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Example 11 The giantess was delighted, and challenged him to wrestle with her.
det nsubj cop punct cc conj obj mark xcomp case obl punct root The DET giantess NOUN was AUX delighted ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ challenged VERB him PRON to PART wrestle VERB with ADP her PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 giantess det 2 giantess giantess NOUN Number=Sing 4 delighted nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 delighted cop 4 delighted delighted ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 challenged punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 challenged cc 7 challenged challenge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 delighted conj 8 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 challenged obj 9 to to PART _ 10 wrestle mark 10 wrestle wrestle VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 challenged xcomp 11 with with ADP _ 12 her case 12 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 wrestle obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 delighted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the giantess delighted property tree rules 2 challenge past the giantess not said here giantess tree rules 3 wrestle to-infinitive the giantess not said here with her = she vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with she=Co-Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous chalkynext → challenger↑ back to C in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/challenge/