challenger Who acts: person, young challenger, She, challenger, referee · What happens: try, beat, question, be, enter, train · To what, where: champion, new challenger, challenger, strong challenger, more votes, election
«challenger» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: challenger in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A person or team that tries to beat the champion or winner in a competition.
The tree, 15 words det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp det obj cc conj case det nmod punct root A DET person NOUN or CCONJ team NOUN that PRON tries VERB to PART beat VERB the DET champion NOUN or CCONJ winner NOUN in ADP a DET competition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 team cc 4 team team NOUN Number=Sing 2 person conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 tries nsubj 6 tries try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 7 to to PART _ 8 beat mark 8 beat beat VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 tries xcomp 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 champion det 10 champion champion NOUN Number=Sing 8 beat obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 winner cc 12 winner winner NOUN Number=Sing 10 champion conj 13 in in ADP _ 15 competition case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 competition det 15 competition competition NOUN Number=Sing 12 winner nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try present a person or team vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 beat not said to happen to-infinitive a person or team not said here the champion or winner in a competition vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location champion=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A person who questions whether something is right or true.
det nsubj nsubj acl:relcl mark nsubj cop cc conj punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON questions NOUN whether SCONJ something PRON is AUX right ADJ or CCONJ true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing 8 right nsubj 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 questions nsubj 4 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 2 person acl:relcl 5 whether whether SCONJ _ 8 right mark 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 right nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 right cop 8 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 true cc 10 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 8 right conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 question speech: other a person tree rules 2 is present a person right property tree rules 3 be a person not said here tree rules
Example 1 The young challenger beat the champion in the final.
det amod nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET young ADJ challenger NOUN beat VERB the DET champion NOUN in ADP the DET final NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 challenger det 2 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 3 challenger amod 3 challenger challenger NOUN Number=Sing 4 beat nsubj 4 beat beat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 champion det 6 champion champion NOUN Number=Sing 4 beat obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 final case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 final det 9 final final NOUN Number=Sing 4 beat obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 beat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beat past the young challenger the champion in the final vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent champion=Patient in final=Topic
Example 2 A new challenger has entered the chess club.
det amod nsubj:pass aux det compound obj punct root A DET new ADJ challenger NOUN has AUX entered VERB the DET chess NOUN club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 challenger det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 challenger amod 3 challenger challenger NOUN Number=Sing 5 entered nsubj:pass 4 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 entered aux 5 entered enter VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 club det 7 chess chess NOUN Number=Sing 8 club compound 8 club club NOUN Number=Sing 5 entered obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 entered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 enter present · perfect · passive a new challenger tree rules
Example 3 The challenger trained hard for the boxing match.
det acl advmod case det compound obl punct root The DET challenger NOUN trained VERB hard ADV for ADP the DET boxing NOUN match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 challenger det 2 challenger challenger NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 trained train VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 challenger acl 4 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 3 trained advmod 5 for for ADP _ 8 match case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 match det 7 boxing boxing NOUN Number=Sing 8 match compound 8 match match NOUN Number=Sing 3 trained obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 challenger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 train participle the challenger not said here for the boxing match; hard property vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 She was a strong challenger for the title.
nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root She PRON was AUX a DET strong ADJ challenger NOUN for ADP the DET title NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 challenger nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 challenger cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 challenger det 4 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 5 challenger amod 5 challenger challenger NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 title case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 title det 8 title title NOUN Number=Sing 5 challenger nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 challenger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past She a strong challenger for the title tree rules
Example 5 In the election, the challenger won more votes.
case det obl punct det nsubj amod obj punct root In ADP the DET election NOUN , PUNCT the DET challenger NOUN won VERB more ADJ votes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 election case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 election det 3 election election NOUN Number=Sing 7 won obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 election punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 challenger det 6 challenger challenger NOUN Number=Sing 7 won nsubj 7 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 votes amod 9 votes vote NOUN Number=Plur 7 won obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past the challenger more votes the election vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vote=Eventuality
Example 6 Every challenger must pass three tests.
det nsubj aux nummod obj punct root Every DET challenger NOUN must AUX pass VERB three NUM tests NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 challenger det 2 challenger challenger NOUN Number=Sing 4 pass nsubj 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 pass aux 4 pass pass VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 tests nummod 6 tests test NOUN Number=Plur 4 pass obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 pass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pass must every challenger three tests vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme test=Trajectory
Example 7 The challenger questioned the referee's decision.
det nsubj det nmod:poss case obj punct root The DET challenger NOUN questioned VERB the DET referee NOUN 's PART decision NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 challenger det 2 challenger challenger NOUN Number=Sing 3 questioned nsubj 3 questioned question VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 referee det 5 referee referee NOUN Number=Sing 7 decision nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 referee case 7 decision decision NOUN Number=Sing 3 questioned obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 questioned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 question speech: other past the challenger the referee's decision vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decision=Recipient 2 decide the referee nom decision «act transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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