chanting

Who acts: crowd, monks, player, We, Buddhist monks, Protesters · What happens: sing, say, shout, learn, chant, keep · To what, where: religious worship, words, same words, football match, something, rhythm · Speech: someone speaks here

«chanting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chanting in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Singing or saying words over and over on one or a few notes, often in religious worship.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Singing	sing	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	3 saying	cc
3	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Singing	conj
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 saying	obj
5	over	over	ADV	_	3 saying	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 over	cc
7	over	over	ADV	_	5 over	conj
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 one	case
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 saying	obl
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 notes	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 notes	det
12	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 notes	amod
13	notes	note	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 one	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 worship	punct
15	often	often	ADV	_	18 worship	advmod
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 worship	case
17	religious	religious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 worship	amod
18	worship	worship	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Singing	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Singing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	gerund				religious worship			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in worship=Location
2	say speech: assert	gerund		words				on one or a few notes; over property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A crowd shouting the same words again and again, at a football match or protest.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 crowd	det
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	shouting	shout	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 crowd	acl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 words	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 words	amod
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shouting	obj
7	again	again	ADV	_	3 shouting	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 again	cc
9	again	again	ADV	_	7 again	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 match	punct
11	at	at	ADP	_	14 match	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 match	det
13	football	football	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 match	compound
14	match	match	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shouting	obl
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 protest	cc
16	protest	protest	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 match	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 crowd	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	gerund	a crowd not said here	the same words		a football match or protest	again		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic

Meaning 3

Usage: school — kept apart, not parsed.

Saying something together in rhythm to learn it, like times tables.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	1 Saying	obj
3	together	together	ADV	_	1 Saying	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 rhythm	case
5	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Saying	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 learn	mark
7	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Saying	advcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 learn	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 tables	punct
10	like	like	ADP	_	12 tables	case
11	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 tables	compound
12	tables	table	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 learn	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Saying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	gerund		something		rhythm		together property	vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent something=Theme in rhythm=Manner
2	learn	to-infinitive		rhythm				like times tables	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Example 1

The monks were chanting in the old abbey.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 monks	det
2	monks	monk	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 chanting	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 chanting	aux
4	chanting	chant	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 abbey	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 abbey	det
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 abbey	amod
8	abbey	abbey	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chanting	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 chanting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chant	past · progressive	the monks			the old abbey			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 2

The crowd kept chanting the player's name.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 crowd	det
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kept	nsubj
3	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	chanting	chant	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 kept	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 player	det
6	player	player	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 name	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 player	case
8	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chanting	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 kept	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	keep	past	the crowd		tree rules
2	chant	gerund	the crowd not said here	the player's name	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Topic
3	name		the player		nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 3

We learned the times tables by chanting them.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 learned	nsubj
2	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 times	det
4	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tables	compound
5	tables	table	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 learned	obj
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 chanting	mark
7	chanting	chant	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 learned	advcl
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 chanting	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 learned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	past	We	times tables					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Topic
2	chant	gerund	We not said here	tables = table					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic

Example 4

Buddhist monks start the day with chanting.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 monks	amod
2	monks	monk	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 start	nsubj
3	start	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 day	det
5	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 start	obl:unmarked
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 chanting	case
7	chanting	chanting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 start	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 start	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	present	Buddhist monks				day	with chanting	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with chanting=Subeventuality

Example 5

Protesters were chanting «Save our park!»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Protesters	protester	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 chanting	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 chanting	aux
3	chanting	chant	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 Save	punct
5	Save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 chanting	xcomp
6	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 park	nmod:poss
7	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Save	obj
8	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 Save	punct
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 Save	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chant	past · progressive	Protesters						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	save in a quote	infinitive	Protesters not said here	our park					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent park=Theme

Example 6

Soft chanting came from the temple.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 chanting	amod
2	chanting	chanting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 came	nsubj
3	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 temple	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 temple	det
6	temple	temple	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 came	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 came	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Soft chanting			the temple			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from temple=Initial_Location

Example 7

The funeral pyre was then lighted, and the voices of the Muses were heard chanting his funeral dirge.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 pyre	det
2	funeral	funeral	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pyre	compound
3	pyre	pyre	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lighted	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 lighted	aux:pass
5	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 lighted	advmod
6	lighted	light	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 heard	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 heard	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 voices	det
10	voices	voice	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 heard	nsubj:pass
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 Muses	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Muses	det
13	Muses	muse	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 voices	nmod
14	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 heard	aux:pass
15	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 lighted	conj
16	chanting	chant	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 heard	xcomp
17	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 dirge	nmod:poss
18	funeral	funeral	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 dirge	compound
19	dirge	dirge	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 chanting	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 lighted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	light	past · passive		the funeral pyre	then	vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product
2	hear	past · passive		the voices of the Muses		tree rules
3	chant	gerund	the voices of the Muses not said here	his funeral dirge		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dirge=Topic

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chanting/