cicada Who acts: cicada, big eyes, male cicadas, Young cicadas, cicadas, We · What happens: be, live, make, click, climb out, shed · To what, where: large insect, warm places, loud buzzing, song, skin, adults
«cicada» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cicada in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A cicada is a large insect with clear wings and big eyes that lives in warm places; male cicadas make a very loud buzzing or clicking song in summer.
The tree, 29 words det nsubj cop det amod case amod nmod cc amod conj nsubj acl:relcl case amod obl punct amod nsubj parataxis det advmod amod obj cc conj obj case obl punct root A DET cicada NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ insect NOUN with ADP clear ADJ wings NOUN and CCONJ big ADJ eyes NOUN that PRON lives VERB in ADP warm ADJ places NOUN ; PUNCT male ADJ cicadas NOUN make VERB a DET very ADV loud ADJ buzzing NOUN or CCONJ clicking VERB song NOUN in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cicada det 2 cicada cicada NOUN Number=Sing 6 insect nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 insect cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 insect det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 insect amod 6 insect insect NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 9 wings case 8 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 9 wings amod 9 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 6 insect nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 eyes cc 11 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 12 eyes amod 12 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 9 wings conj 13 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 lives nsubj 14 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 eyes acl:relcl 15 in in ADP _ 17 places case 16 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 17 places amod 17 places place NOUN Number=Plur 14 lives obl 18 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 make punct 19 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 20 cicadas amod 20 cicadas cicada NOUN Number=Plur 21 make nsubj 21 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 insect parataxis 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 buzzing det 23 very very ADV _ 24 loud advmod 24 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 25 buzzing amod 25 buzzing buzzing NOUN Number=Sing 21 make obj 26 or or CCONJ _ 27 clicking cc 27 clicking click VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 25 buzzing conj 28 song song NOUN Number=Sing 27 clicking obj 29 in in ADP _ 30 summer case 30 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 27 clicking obl 31 . . PUNCT _ 6 insect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cicada a large insect with clear wings and big eyes tree rules 2 live present big eyes warm places vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location 3 make present male cicadas a loud buzzing vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset buzzing=Product 4 click gerund male cicadas not said here song summer vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Young cicadas (nymphs) live underground for years, then climb out, shed their skin and become adults.
The tree, 16 words amod nsubj punct appos punct advmod case obl punct advmod conj compound:prt punct advcl nmod:poss obj cc conj xcomp punct root Young ADJ cicadas NOUN ( PUNCT nymphs NOUN ) PUNCT live VERB underground ADV for ADP years NOUN , PUNCT then ADV climb VERB out ADP , PUNCT shed VERB their PRON skin NOUN and CCONJ become VERB adults NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Young young ADJ Degree=Pos 2 cicadas amod 2 cicadas cicada NOUN Number=Plur 6 live nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 nymphs punct 4 nymphs nymph NOUN Number=Plur 2 cicadas appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 nymphs punct 6 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 underground underground ADV _ 6 live advmod 8 for for ADP _ 9 years case 9 years year NOUN Number=Plur 6 live obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 climb punct 11 then then ADV PronType=Dem 12 climb advmod 12 climb climb VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 live conj 13 out out ADP _ 12 climb compound:prt 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 shed punct 15 shed shed VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 climb advcl 16 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 skin nmod:poss 17 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 15 shed obj 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 become cc 19 become become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 live conj 20 adults adult NOUN Number=Plur 19 become xcomp 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Young cicadas year underground property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 climb out infinitive Young cicadas not said here then vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 shed past Young cicadas not said here cicadas's skin vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location skin=Source 4 become present Young cicadas not said here adults vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 1 The cicadas sang loudly all through the hot afternoon.
det nsubj advmod advmod case det amod obl:unmarked punct root The DET cicadas NOUN sang VERB loudly ADV all ADV through ADP the DET hot ADJ afternoon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cicadas det 2 cicadas cicada NOUN Number=Plur 3 sang nsubj 3 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 loudly loudly ADV _ 3 sang advmod 5 all all ADV _ 9 afternoon advmod 6 through through ADP _ 9 afternoon case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 afternoon det 8 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 9 afternoon amod 9 afternoon afternoon NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past the cicadas afternoon loudly property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 We found an empty cicada shell stuck to the tree.
nsubj det amod compound obj acl case det obl punct root We PRON found VERB an DET empty ADJ cicada NOUN shell NOUN stuck VERB to ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 shell det 4 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shell amod 5 cicada cicada NOUN Number=Sing 6 shell compound 6 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 7 stuck stick VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 shell acl 8 to to ADP _ 10 tree case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 tree det 10 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 7 stuck obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past We a empty cicada shell vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic 2 stick participle a empty cicada shell not said here to the tree vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to tree=Co-Patient
Example 3 Periodical cicadas come out every 17 years in some parts of the USA.
amod nsubj advmod det nummod obl:unmarked case det nmod case det nmod punct root Periodical ADJ cicadas NOUN come VERB out ADV every DET 17 NUM years NOUN in ADP some DET parts NOUN of ADP the DET USA PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Periodical periodical ADJ Degree=Pos 2 cicadas amod 2 cicadas cicada NOUN Number=Plur 3 come nsubj 3 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADV _ 3 come advmod 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 7 years det 6 17 17 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 years nummod 7 years year NOUN Number=Plur 3 come obl:unmarked 8 in in ADP _ 10 parts case 9 some some DET PronType=Ind 10 parts det 10 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 7 years nmod 11 of of ADP _ 13 USA case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 USA det 13 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 10 parts nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come out present Periodical cicadas year out property vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
Example 4 Male cicadas make sound with drum-like parts on their bodies.
amod nsubj obj case compound punct amod obl case nmod:poss nmod punct root Male ADJ cicadas NOUN make VERB sound NOUN with ADP drum NOUN - PUNCT like ADJ parts NOUN on ADP their PRON bodies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Male male ADJ Degree=Pos 2 cicadas amod 2 cicadas cicada NOUN Number=Plur 3 make nsubj 3 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 3 make obj 5 with with ADP _ 9 parts case 6 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 8 like compound 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 drum punct 8 like like ADJ Degree=Pos 9 parts amod 9 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 3 make obl 10 on on ADP _ 12 bodies case 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 bodies nmod:poss 12 bodies body NOUN Number=Plur 9 parts nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Male cicadas sound with like parts on cicadas's bodies vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
Example 5 In Australia, the Green Grocer cicada is bright green.
case obl punct det amod compound nsubj cop amod punct root In ADP Australia PROPN , PUNCT the DET Green ADJ Grocer PROPN cicada NOUN is AUX bright ADJ green ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Australia case 2 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 10 green obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Australia punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cicada det 5 Green green ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cicada amod 6 Grocer Grocer PROPN Number=Sing 7 cicada compound 7 cicada cicada NOUN Number=Sing 10 green nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 green cop 9 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 10 green amod 10 green green ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 green punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the Green Grocer cicada Australia green property tree rules
Example 6 Cicadas suck sap from trees.
nsubj obj case obl punct root Cicadas NOUN suck VERB sap NOUN from ADP trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cicadas cicada NOUN Number=Plur 2 suck nsubj 2 suck suck VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sap SAP NOUN Number=Sing 2 suck obj 4 from from ADP _ 5 trees case 5 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 2 suck obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 suck punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 suck present Cicadas sap trees vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sap=Theme from tree=Source
Example 7 The cicada nymph lived underground for years.
det compound nsubj advmod case obl punct root The DET cicada NOUN nymph NOUN lived VERB underground ADV for ADP years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 nymph det 2 cicada cicada NOUN Number=Sing 3 nymph compound 3 nymph nymph NOUN Number=Sing 4 lived nsubj 4 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 underground underground ADV _ 4 lived advmod 6 for for ADP _ 7 years case 7 years year NOUN Number=Plur 4 lived obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the cicada nymph year underground property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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