cipher Who acts: rule, people, person, others, king, We · What happens: swap, mix up, know, read, write, have · To what, where: letters, secret code, rule, message, code, power · Speech: someone speaks here
«cipher» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cipher in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A secret code in which letters are swapped or mixed up by a rule so that only people who know the rule can read the message.
The tree, 26 words det amod case obl nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl cc conj compound:prt case det obl mark mark advmod nsubj nsubj acl:relcl det obj aux advcl det obj punct root A DET secret ADJ code NOUN in ADP which PRON letters NOUN are AUX swapped VERB or CCONJ mixed VERB up ADP by ADP a DET rule NOUN so SCONJ that SCONJ only ADV people NOUN who PRON know VERB the DET rule NOUN can AUX read VERB the DET message NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 code det 2 secret secret ADJ Degree=Pos 3 code amod 3 code code NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 which case 5 which which PRON PronType=Rel 8 swapped obl 6 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 8 swapped nsubj:pass 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 swapped aux:pass 8 swapped swap VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 code acl:relcl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 mixed cc 10 mixed mix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 swapped conj 11 up up ADP _ 10 mixed compound:prt 12 by by ADP _ 14 rule case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 rule det 14 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 8 swapped obl 15 so so SCONJ _ 24 read mark 16 that that SCONJ _ 24 read mark 17 only only ADV _ 18 people advmod 18 people people NOUN Number=Plur 24 read nsubj 19 who who PRON PronType=Rel 20 know nsubj 20 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 people acl:relcl 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 rule det 22 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 20 know obj 23 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 24 read aux 24 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 swapped advcl 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 message det 26 message message NOUN Number=Sing 24 read obj 27 . . PUNCT _ 3 code punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swap present · passive a rule letters a secret code vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme 2 mix up participle a rule not said here vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 know present people the rule vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer rule=Stimulus 4 read can people the message vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A message written in such a code.
det acl case det:predet det obl punct root A DET message NOUN written VERB in ADP such DET a DET code NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 message det 2 message message NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 message acl 4 in in ADP _ 7 code case 5 such such DET PronType=Ind 7 code det:predet 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 code det 7 code code NOUN Number=Sing 3 written obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 message punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle a message not said here such code vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in code=Destination
Meaning 3 A person who has no power or importance and just does what others say: «The king was a mere cipher».
The tree, 20 words det nsubj acl:relcl det obj cc conj cc advmod conj obj nsubj ccomp punct punct det nsubj cop det amod appos punct punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON has VERB no DET power NOUN or CCONJ importance NOUN and CCONJ just ADV does VERB what PRON others NOUN say VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET king NOUN was AUX a DET mere ADJ cipher NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 no no DET PronType=Neg 6 power det 6 power power NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 importance cc 8 importance importance NOUN Number=Sing 6 power conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 does cc 10 just just ADV _ 11 does advmod 11 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 has conj 12 what what PRON PronType=Int 14 say obj 13 others other NOUN Number=Plur 14 say nsubj 14 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 does ccomp 15 : : PUNCT _ 22 cipher punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 22 cipher punct 17 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 king det 18 king king NOUN Number=Sing 22 cipher nsubj 19 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 22 cipher cop 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 cipher det 21 mere mere ADJ Degree=Pos 22 cipher amod 22 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing 2 person appos 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 cipher punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a person no power or importance vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient 2 do present a person not said here tree rules 3 say speech: assert present others vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic 4 is a in a quote past the king a mere cipher tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: old or formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The figure zero, 0; in old books also any number digit.
det nsubj appos punct conj punct case amod nmod advmod det compound punct root The DET figure NOUN zero NUM , PUNCT 0 NUM ; PUNCT in ADP old ADJ books NOUN also ADV any DET number NOUN digit NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 figure det 2 figure figure NOUN Number=Sing 13 digit nsubj 3 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 figure appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 0 punct 5 0 0 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 zero conj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 2 figure punct 7 in in ADP _ 9 books case 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 books amod 9 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 figure nmod 10 also also ADV _ 13 digit advmod 11 any any DET PronType=Ind 13 digit det 12 number number NOUN Number=Sing 13 digit compound 13 digit digit NOUN Number=Sing root root 14 . . PUNCT _ 13 digit punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 5 Usage: verb, old — kept apart, not parsed.
To do sums or to write in code.
mark advcl obj cc mark case obl punct root To PART do VERB sums NOUN or CCONJ to PART write VERB in ADP code NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 do mark 2 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 write advcl 3 sums sum NOUN Number=Plur 2 do obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 write cc 5 to to PART _ 6 write mark 6 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 code case 8 code code NOUN Number=Sing 6 write obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do to-infinitive sums vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality 2 write to-infinitive code vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in code=Destination
Example 1 We wrote secret notes to each other in a Caesar cipher.
nsubj amod obj case obl fixed case det compound obl punct root We PRON wrote VERB secret ADJ notes NOUN to ADP each DET other ADJ in ADP a DET Caesar PROPN cipher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 wrote nsubj 2 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 secret secret ADJ Degree=Pos 4 notes amod 4 notes note NOUN Number=Plur 2 wrote obj 5 to to ADP _ 6 each case 6 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 2 wrote obl 7 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 6 each fixed 8 in in ADP _ 11 cipher case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 cipher det 10 Caesar Caesar PROPN Number=Sing 11 cipher compound 11 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing 2 wrote obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past We secret notes a Caesar cipher to each vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent note=Theme in cipher=Destination
Example 2 With a shift of three, the word CAT becomes FDW in the cipher.
The tree, 13 words case det obl case nmod punct det compound nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root With ADP a DET shift NOUN of ADP three NUM , PUNCT the DET word NOUN CAT NOUN becomes VERB FDW PROPN in ADP the DET cipher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 With with ADP _ 3 shift case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 shift det 3 shift shift NOUN Number=Sing 10 becomes obl 4 of of ADP _ 5 three case 5 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 shift nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 shift punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 CAT det 8 word word NOUN Number=Sing 9 CAT compound 9 CAT cat NOUN Number=Sing 10 becomes nsubj 10 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 FDW FDW PROPN Number=Sing 10 becomes xcomp 12 in in ADP _ 14 cipher case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 cipher det 14 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing 10 becomes obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 becomes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become present the word CAT in the cipher result ; with a shift of three vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in cipher=Result
Example 3 The spies sent the plans in cipher.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET spies NOUN sent VERB the DET plans NOUN in ADP cipher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 spies det 2 spies spy NOUN Number=Plur 3 sent nsubj 3 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 plans det 5 plans plan NOUN Number=Plur 3 sent obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 cipher case 7 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send past the spies the plans cipher vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent plan=Theme in cipher=Destination
Example 4 It took the code-breakers months to crack the cipher.
nsubj det compound punct compound obj mark advcl det obj punct root It PRON took VERB the DET code NOUN - PUNCT breakers NOUN months NOUN to PART crack VERB the DET cipher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 months det 4 code code NOUN Number=Sing 6 breakers compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 code punct 6 breakers breaker NOUN Number=Plur 7 months compound 7 months month NOUN Number=Plur 2 took obj 8 to to PART _ 9 crack mark 9 crack crack VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 took advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 cipher det 11 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing 9 crack obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past It month vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 crack to-infinitive the cipher vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cipher=Theme
Example 5 Without the key the cipher looked like nonsense.
case det obl det nsubj case obl punct root Without ADP the DET key NOUN the DET cipher NOUN looked VERB like ADP nonsense NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Without without ADP _ 3 key case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 key det 3 key key NOUN Number=Sing 6 looked obl 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cipher det 5 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing 6 looked nsubj 6 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 like like ADP _ 8 nonsense case 8 nonsense nonsense NOUN Number=Sing 6 looked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the cipher without the key; like nonsense vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 6 In the story, the map was covered in a strange cipher.
case det obl punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det amod obl punct root In ADP the DET story NOUN , PUNCT the DET map NOUN was AUX covered VERB in ADP a DET strange ADJ cipher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 8 covered obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 story punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 map det 6 map map NOUN Number=Sing 8 covered nsubj:pass 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 covered aux:pass 8 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 in in ADP _ 12 cipher case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 cipher det 11 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 12 cipher amod 12 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing 8 covered obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past · passive the map in a strange cipher; in the story vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in story=Theme
Example 7 The new prime minister was just a cipher for the party bosses.
det amod amod nsubj cop advmod det mark det nsubj advcl punct root The DET new ADJ prime ADJ minister NOUN was AUX just ADV a DET cipher NOUN for SCONJ the DET party NOUN bosses VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 minister det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 4 minister amod 3 prime prime ADJ Degree=Pos 4 minister amod 4 minister minister NOUN Number=Sing 8 cipher nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 cipher cop 6 just just ADV _ 8 cipher advmod 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cipher det 8 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 for for SCONJ _ 12 bosses mark 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 party det 11 party party NOUN Number=Sing 12 bosses nsubj 12 bosses boss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 cipher advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 cipher punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the new prime minister a cipher tree rules 2 boss present the party vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Our maths teacher turned the times tables into a cipher puzzle.
nmod:poss compound nsubj det compound obj case det compound obl punct root Our PRON maths NOUN teacher NOUN turned VERB the DET times NOUN tables NOUN into ADP a DET cipher NOUN puzzle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 teacher nmod:poss 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 3 teacher compound 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 turned nsubj 4 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 times det 6 times time NOUN Number=Plur 7 tables compound 7 tables table NOUN Number=Plur 4 turned obj 8 into into ADP _ 11 puzzle case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 puzzle det 10 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing 11 puzzle compound 11 puzzle puzzle NOUN Number=Sing 4 turned obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past Our maths teacher times tables a cipher puzzle vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent table=Theme into puzzle=Trajectory
Example 9 But as for me, I had gone quite beyond all lapse of time, and had become a cipher and a nothing.
The tree, 21 words cc case fixed parataxis punct nsubj aux advmod case det obl case nmod punct cc aux conj det xcomp cc det conj punct root But CCONJ as ADP for ADP me PRON , PUNCT I PRON had AUX gone VERB quite ADV beyond ADP all DET lapse NOUN of ADP time NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ had AUX become VERB a DET cipher NOUN and CCONJ a DET nothing PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 8 gone cc 2 as as ADP ExtPos=ADP 4 me case 3 for for ADP _ 2 as fixed 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 gone parataxis 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 me punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 gone nsubj 7 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 gone aux 8 gone go VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 9 quite quite ADV _ 8 gone advmod 10 beyond beyond ADP _ 12 lapse case 11 all all DET PronType=Tot 12 lapse det 12 lapse lapse NOUN Number=Sing 8 gone obl 13 of of ADP _ 14 time case 14 time time NOUN Number=Sing 12 lapse nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 become punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 18 become cc 17 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 become aux 18 become become VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 8 gone conj 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 cipher det 20 cipher cipher NOUN Number=Sing 18 become xcomp 21 and and CCONJ _ 23 nothing cc 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 nothing det 23 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 20 cipher conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 8 gone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past · perfect I all lapse of time vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beyond lapse=Location 2 become past · perfect I not said here a cipher vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 3 lapse time nom lapse «act intransitive»: of=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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