circulate

Who acts: heart, you, air, Old coins, Mum, Water · What happens: move, come back, pass, talk, pump, circulate · To what, where: something, person, party, blood, body, letter

«circulate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: circulate in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

To move round and round inside something and come back, like blood around the body.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 move	mark
2	move	move	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	round	round	ADV	_	2 move	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 round	cc
5	round	round	ADV	_	3 round	conj
6	inside	inside	ADP	_	7 something	case
7	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 move	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 come	cc
9	come	come	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 move	conj
10	back	back	ADV	_	9 come	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 blood	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	13 blood	case
13	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 come	obl
14	around	around	ADP	_	16 body	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 body	det
16	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 blood	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 move	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	to-infinitive				something		round property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme inside something=Trajectory
2	come back	infinitive						like blood around the body	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To pass from person to person or place to place, like news, money or a letter.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 pass	mark
2	pass	pass	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 person	case
4	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pass	obl
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 person	case
6	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pass	obl
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 place	cc
8	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 person	conj
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 place	case
10	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pass	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 news	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	13 news	case
13	news	news	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 place	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 money	punct
15	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 place	conj
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 letter	cc
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 letter	det
18	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 place	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pass	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	to-infinitive			person or place			from person; to place and news and money or a letter	vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from person=Initial_Location to person=Destination

Meaning 3

To move around a party and talk to many people.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 move	mark
2	move	move	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	around	around	ADP	_	5 party	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 party	det
5	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 move	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 talk	cc
7	talk	talk	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 move	conj
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 people	case
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 people	amod
10	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 talk	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 move	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	to-infinitive				a party			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around party=Trajectory
2	talk	infinitive						to many people	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to people=Co-Agent

Example 1

The heart pumps blood to circulate around the body.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 heart	det
2	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pumps	nsubj
3	pumps	pump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pumps	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 circulate	mark
6	circulate	circulate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 pumps	xcomp
7	around	around	ADP	_	9 body	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 body	det
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 circulate	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pumps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pump	present	the heart	blood					tree rules
2	circulate	to-infinitive	the heart not said here			the body			vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around body=Location

Example 2

A letter was circulated to all parents.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 letter	det
2	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 circulated	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 circulated	aux:pass
4	circulated	circulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 parents	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 parents	det
7	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 circulated	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 circulated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	circulate	past · passive		a letter				to all parents	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Example 3

Open the window to let the air circulate.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Open	open	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 window	det
3	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Open	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 let	mark
5	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Open	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 air	det
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 let	obj
8	circulate	circulate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 let	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Open	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	open	imperative	you not said here	the window	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme
2	let	to-infinitive	you not said here	the air	tree rules
3	circulate	infinitive	the air not said here		vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 4

Rumours circulated about a new teacher.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rumours	rumour	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	circulated	circulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Rumours	acl
3	about	about	ADP	_	6 teacher	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 teacher	det
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 teacher	amod
6	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 circulated	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Rumours	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	circulate	participle		Rumours not said here				about a new teacher	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about teacher=Location

Example 5

Old coins still circulate in some countries.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 coins	amod
2	coins	coin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 circulate	nsubj
3	still	still	ADV	_	4 circulate	advmod
4	circulate	circulate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 countries	case
6	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	7 countries	det
7	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 circulate	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 circulate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	circulate	present	Old coins			some countries	still		vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in country=Location

Example 6

At the party Mum circulated and talked to everyone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	3 party	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 party	det
3	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 circulated	obl
4	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 circulated	nsubj
5	circulated	circulate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 talked	cc
7	talked	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 circulated	conj
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 everyone	case
9	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	7 talked	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 circulated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	circulate	past	Mum			the party			vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at party=Location
2	talk	past	Mum not said here					to everyone	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to everyone=Co-Agent

Example 7

Water circulates through the pipes to the radiators.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 circulates	nsubj
2	circulates	circulate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	through	through	ADP	_	5 pipes	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pipes	det
5	pipes	pipe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 circulates	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 radiators	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 radiators	det
8	radiators	radiator	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 circulates	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 circulates	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	circulate	present	Water			the pipes		to the radiators	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pipe=Location

Example 8

The books were circulated throughout the world, and some of them reached the Emperor.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 books	det
2	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 circulated	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 circulated	aux:pass
4	circulated	circulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	7 world	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 world	det
7	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 circulated	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 reached	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 reached	cc
10	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	13 reached	nsubj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 them	case
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 some	nmod
13	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 circulated	conj
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Emperor	det
15	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 reached	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 circulated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	circulate	past · passive		the books			throughout the world		vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	reach	past	some	the Emperor					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent emperor=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/circulate/